Herein, we report the application of a new class of D-xylose derived chiral ionic liquids (CILs) as chiral catalysts for the enantioselective Michael addition reaction between chalcone and diethylmalonate. These CILs were successfully employed for the same reaction and Michael adducts were obtained in very good yields with moderate enantioselectivity.
The title compound, C32H40N2O3Si3 or (Ph2SiO)2OSi(NH-
t
Bu)2, was synthesized by the in situ reaction of [Ph2Si(OH)]2O with two equivalents of
n
BuLi, followed by the addition of Cl2Si(NH-
t
Bu)2. The addition of tert-butylamide substituents to one of the Si centres causes a slight distortion of the planar cyclotrisiloxane ring.
Results: Of the 217 PWE (112 male/105 female) with a mean age of 28.6 years, 69.1% had a diagnosis of generalized and 30.9% focal seizures, majority (59%) were on monotherapy, levetiracetam (n = 58), sodium valproate (n = 28), carbamazepine (n = 26), phenytoin (n = 9), clobazam (n = 4), clonazepam (n = 1), oxcarbazepine (n = 1), and lamotrigine (n = 1), while those on polytherapy (41%) received a combination of two to five of these AEDs. Using different scales, a variable percentage of PWE were screened positive for depression-41.5% with MINI, 24% with NDDI-E, 47.2% with HAM-D, and 48.3% with PHQ 9. When MINI scale was taken as reference standard, variable sensitivity and specificity of scales was found. At the recommended cutoff scores, HAM-D had 98% sensitivity and 91% specificity, PHQ-9 showed 100% sensitivity and 89% specificity, and the NDDI-E showed sensitivity of 55.6% and specificity of 98.4%. Conclusion: A periodic assessment of PWE for depression is highly desirable. All the scales used in this study were found to be appropriate for use in PWE providing the cutoff points are properly validated as variation is possible.
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