Thin films of nanocrystalline Thallium doped Molybdenum heteropolyoxometalate (TlPMA) have been deposited on to glass and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates from aqueous acidic bath using simple chemical bath deposition technique. The different preparative parameters like concentration of bath, deposition time, bath temperature, pH of the bath have been optimized in order to get good-quality photosensitive thin films of Thallium doped Molybdenum heteropolyoxometalate material. Different techniques have been used to characterize nanocrystalline Thallium doped Molybdenum heteropolyoxometalate thin films annealed at 250 o C for 2 hours at heating rate 10 o C/min. Optical absorption study shows the presence of direct transition with band gap energy 2.15 eV. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the annealed films showed the material is nanocrystalline in nature with simple cubic spinal structure. Energy-dispersive analysis by X-ray (EDAX) study for the sample deposited at optimized preparative parameters shows that presence of P, Mo, O and Tl in the films without any major impurity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for samples deposited at optimized preparative parameters reveals that spherical grains are uniformly distributed over the surface of the substrate indicates the well-defined growth of nanocrystalline (TlPMA) on thin film. PEC characterization of the films is carried out by studying photo response, spectral response and photovoltaic output characteristics. The fill factor (ff) and power conversion efficiency ( ) of the cell are 15.0 and 0.42 %, respectively.

Summary The objective of present research work is synthesis and characterization of N‐heterocyclic compounds by using Silver metal nanoparticles and their copolymerization with acrylic polymers such as Butyl acrylate (BA) and Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers by emulsion process. In this research work we have synthesized different 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one (DHPM) derivatives. These synthesized N‐heterocyclic derivatives were characterized by FT‐IR, and 1H NMR spectral studies. A core shell copolymers of acrylics (BA & MMA) is prepared by seed emulsion technique. The different preparative parameters have been optimized in order to get good quality thin films of DHPM doped in acrylic polymer material. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for samples reveals that spherical grains are uniformly distributed over the surface of the substrate indicates the well‐defined growth of DHPM doped in acrylic (BA‐Co‐MMA) polymers. The effect of N‐heterocyclic compound concentrations on the water absorption ratio is also examined. The synthesized DHPM doped acrylic polymers were characterized by FT‐IR spectral study. From FT‐IR spectral study it is revealed that there is attachment of N‐heterocyclic compounds with acrylic polymers. DHPM doped acrylic polymer (BA‐Co‐MMA) has been used for preparing thin film coatings on glass substrate materials. From the calculations of water resistance strength, it is found that 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one (DHPM) doped acrylic polymer thin films shows more water resistance strength than pure acrylic polymer (BA‐Co‐MMA) thin films. Hence 3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐one (DHPM) doped acrylic polymer thin film coatings are used on glass substrate for increasing strength, durability and transparency of glass surface.

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are an important class of compounds in dyeing and textile industries.New nitrogen containing heterocyclic azo compounds have been synthesized by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a catalyst having a particle size of 15 nm. AuNPs play an important role in the coupling reaction to produce new heterocyclic azo pigments. These azo pigments were tested to solubility, light fastness, and durability. These synthesized nitrogen-containing heterocyclic pigments were characterized by melting points, UV-vis, FT-IR, and 1 H NMR spectroscopy for their characteristics and structural features. After analysis, these pigments at lower concentrations were blended with the n-butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate (n-BA-co-MMA) polymer. These blended pigments were coated on a simple silica glass surface by following the simple deep and dry method. The coupled azo pigment shows excellent binding strength with poly(n-BA-co-MMA) acrylic polymers. C

Summary: Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) and molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) are an extensively studied EC materials due to its outstanding electrochromic properties. Hence in present investigation Tl þ intercalated tungsten heteropolyoxometalate polymeric thin films have been successfully deposited on the FTO-coated glass substrates using low cost chemical bath deposition technique. The films formed were uniform and well adherent. For the electrochemical characterization, the standard threeelectrode electrochemical cell was used. The polymeric thin films show good EC properties. By observing various parameters obtained from cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and iono-optical studies of tungsten heteropolyoxometalate thin films it is clear that, reversibility of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) increases after intercalation of thallium but coloring efficiency (CE) decreases.