World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that one sixth of the world's population does not have the access to safe water. The recent advancement of science paves many routes to provide secured water, in which nanotechnology plays a very vital role by providing many low cost ways of purification and disinfection of drinking water. The aim of the present work is to design silver embedded nanoceramic porous water purifier using clay, rice husk, and silver nitrate at a low cost measure. The synthesised nanoparticles in the present experiment was characterised and confirmed by UV-Visible spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD). From the analysis it was found that the leaching of silver from the ceramic porous disc was below the values of WHO standards. The antimicrobial activity of the disc was assessed against E. coli and found to be very effective.
Asian elephant, Elephas maximus is placed in Schedule I and Part I of Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972) conferring it the highest level of protection. In higher mammals like elephants, reproductive success exclusively depends on odour produced from female during oestrus phase and response made by the male before mating. The odours released by the females qualitatively vary with the reproductive state namely during pre-oestrous, oestrous and post-oestrus periods. The present study aimed to identify and compare the volatile profiles of urine samples of male and female Asiatic elephants in captivity. From our assay it was found that peculiar pheromonal carrying compounds namely p-Cresol, 9-Octadecenal, 9-Hexadecenal, 13-Octadecenal and 6-Octadecenoic acid were present only in female urine sample when compared with the male urine sample. In SDS-PAGE analysis, it was confirmed that the protein with low molecular weight protein below 20 kilo daltons has been found and it depict that these are the compounds which act as pheromone carrying lipoproteins.
The development of a new technique aside from insecticide spraying was necessary to control the insect pest population of agricultural crops. Insecticides are the cornerstones upon which pest management practices are based in the current civilization of farmers and are likely to remain so as long as effective and inexpensive chemicals are available. However, many insectpest management techniques using Non-lethal mechanisms for insect pest control have been successful. Therefore the study on the feasibility of disrupting communication using synthetic sex pheromone is the need of the hour. These techniques include the use of pheromones to disrupt mating. Hence the present study is focused to identify the pheromonalcuticular compounds using GC-MS, SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF matrix analysis. In the GC-MS analysis we found 39 compounds and the compounds such as octadecane, heptadecane, undecane, dodecane and heptacosane were reported as pheromone carrier protein in earlier studies.
Emerging proteomic technologies offer new insight in the study of malignant tumor to identify protein biomarkers for early detection, stratification, prediction and monitoring of treatment, as well as to detect target molecules for therapy. The tumor protein biomarker is responsible for the regulation of the cell cycle to promote cell proliferation and resistance to cell death. Important technologies include ELISA, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, western blot, mass spectrometry, protein microarray, and microfluidics for the study of screening, protein profiling, identification, qualitative and quantitative analysis of differential expressed oncoproteins relative to cancer tissues, counterparts at different stages of the disease from preneoplasia to neoplasia. It can also provide a detailed description of identifying tissue-specific protein biomarkers and to analysis the modification of protein activity in cancer conditions. In this chapter, we discuss current and emerging protein assays for improving cancer diagnosis, including trends toward advances in assay miniaturization, improve sensitivity and specificity, time and cost-effective, and accuracy in detection and measurement of protein activity. However, information from these protein diagnostic technologies should be integrated to obtain the optimal information required for the clinical management of a patient.
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