Energy analysis plays a vital role in the industry due to the use of electrical energy, global warming, and economy crises. This paper describes the waste heat available in the exhaust of the steam turbine and beneficial use of the waste heat. The sugar industry steam turbine exhaust carries enthalpy of steam at 2500 kJ/kg, this thermal energy can be put into beneficial use as the heat source to the vapor absorption refrigeration system to compensate energy required for DC thyrist motor, and this can also be used for cold storage. Energy savings in terms of cost and fuels are calculated. Investigation on the heat and mass transfer in evaporator has been carried out in vapor absorption system by varying the operating parameter. Less circulation ratio is required to increase the coefficient of performance. The inlet temperature of the coolant should be less for achieving higher coefficient of performance.
A nonwoven secondary layer was produced from silk fibroin by a compression and spunlacing method. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) was added to the nonwoven mat to increase the exudates and absorption capacity and manage the moisture in the wound site. Three types of tertiary layers, viz., cotton gauze cloth, adhesive tape, and polyurethane film, were experimented on for the properties that are essential for those layers. The structural stability was found to be better in the spunlaced nonwoven compared to the compressed nonwoven. The Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) absorption of the nonwoven increased with an increase in the concentration of SAP percentage. The PBS absorption was found to be lower for the spunlaced nonwoven because of the higher fiber entanglement and packing compared to that of the compressed nonwoven. The vapor permeation rate (grams per square meter a day) across the nonwoven mat decreased with an increase in grams per square meter, and there was no effect from the SAP percentage added to the nonwoven mats. Horizontal and vertical wicking of the spunlaced nonwoven was better than that of the compressed nonwoven. The results showed that spunlaced nonwoven would be a better material for the secondary layer. The vapor transmission rate was highest for cotton gauze cloth, followed by adhesive tape and film. The multilayer wound-dressing system consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary layers was tested for PBS vapor transmission rate and bacterial penetration. The results showed that the wound-dressing system made from film and adhesive tape did not allow the Staphylococcus aureus bacterial culture to penetrate through the wound-dressing system.
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