The X-rays of the narrow-spectrum N-series ranging from 40 kV to 150 kV were used to determine the radiation attenuation ability of a new category of a polymer composite fabricated for shielding purposes. High density polyethylene was synthesized through a compression molding technique, and incorporated with various filler amounts (10, 15, 25, and 35 wt.%) of bulk micro-sized WO 3 (Sample A), two WO 3 nanoparticles 45 nm (Sample B), and 24 nm (Sample C). The WO 3 filler was identified and characterized using X-ray diffraction and a transmission electron microscope. The mass distribution of the chemical elements of the synthesized composites was determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The obtained results of the different attenuation parameters revealed that the particle size and weight fraction of WO particles have an outstanding effect on the X-ray shielding ability of this composite. The 3 experimental measurements of the mass attenuation coefficients were compared to the theoretical values tabulated in the NIST databases XCOM and FFAST. The mass attenuation coefficient was increased with the increment of WO 3 wt.% as well as with the decrease of the WO 3 particle size. This improvement in the attenuation parameters of the NP(C) composite suggests their promising applications in radiation protection at the diagnostic level.
Lead oxide (PbO) bulk and nanoparticles of two different sizes (A = 78 nm and B = 54 nm) are incorporated separately into the polystyrene matrix at various concentrations (0, 10, 15, 25, and 35 %) using roll mill mixing and compressing molding techniques. The X-ray narrow-spectrum series (N-series / ISO 4037-1) is then used to investigate the radiation attenuation capability of the novel polymer composite PS/PbO, as well as the effect of varying PbO particle sizes on shielding performance. The filler dispersion and chemical elemental analysis of the synthesized composite are investigated using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. To determine the mass attenuation coefficients ?m, samples with various thicknesses of the synthesized composite are examined using a range of X-ray energies, and the experimental data are compared to theoretical values from NIST databases (XCOM and FFAST). The results indicate that either increasing the filler weight percentage or, decreasing the filler particle size, enhanced the attenuation parameters throughout all energies. The composite containing the smallest nanosize of PbO exhibited the maximum radiation shielding efficacy among all combinations and therefore, might be used to develop low-cost and lightweight X-ray shields.
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