BACKGROUND No national policy requires health care providers to discuss with hospitalized patients whether the latter would want cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or mechanical ventilation (MV) in the event of cardiopulmonary failure. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hospitalized patients are willing to discuss end‐of‐life issues and choose whether to receive CPR and MV. DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. PARTICIPANTS 297 patients admitted to the medicine service of a 350‐bed community teaching hospital. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized to receive routine care or a scripted intervention, delivered by research physicians, that included detailed information about CPR, MV, and advance directives. MEASUREMENTS Number of patients who welcomed the scripted intervention, number who chose to receive or reject CPR/MV, and number of advance directives created during hospitalization. RESULTS Of the 297 patients studied, 136 were in the intervention group and 161 were in the control group. Baseline characteristics and severity of illness were similar in the 2 groups. Of the 136 patients in the intervention group, 133 (98%) willingly discussed CPR and mechanical ventilation, and 112 (82%) found the information useful. One hundred and twenty‐five (92%) clarified their preferences regarding CPR and MV after receiving the intervention; of the 48 patients who were initially documented as wanting CPR/MV, 3 requested no CPR/MV after the intervention. Of the 87 patients in the intervention group who had no documentation of code status on admission, 5 asked for no CPR/MV. Of the 161 patients in the control group, 55 had documentation of their code status on admission. Of the 106 patients without documentation, 6 were later documented to receive no CPR/MV. Thirteen of the 102 patients who had no advance directive on admission created one after the intervention, whereas only 1 of the 128 patients in the control group did so (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Patients are willing to discuss and give informed consent for CPR and mechanical ventilation early in hospitalization. Only a minority drafted advance directives during hospitalization. Larger studies that include patients at other centers are required to determine whether these findings are reproducible and whether this approach is clinically feasible. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2006;3:161–167. © 2006 Society of Hospital Medicine.
If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.
Islamic Finance"This book is a great addition to the growing literature on Islamic banking and finance. The chapters are sequenced well, beginning with a good introduction and followed by a discussion on the philosophy and basic principles of Islamic banking before embarking on the legal requirements of contracts and deposits. The authors then expound how these contracts are translated into practice by the contemporary Islamic banking industry and also compare the Islamic products with the prevailing conventional banking products. The book also covers the recent trends in technology and governance and complimenting markets like sukuk, takaful and wealth management. This book will be immensely useful for students of Islamic banking, as well as practitioners, academics, regulators and policy makers."-Rafe Haneef, CEO and Executive Director-CIMB Islamic Bank "This is an important book not just for students of Islamic finance but also for banking practitioners and consumers of banking products as it sets out the fundamental differences between Islamic finance and conventional banking and its importance in promoting a conscionable financial practice and sustainable economic development." -Raja Teh Maimunah, CEO, AmInvestment Bank
If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -The purpose of this paper is to discuss a framework of accounting theoretical bases that could promote research into little understood areas of human capital accounting. Design/methodology/approach -The possible forces that hinder greater disclosure of human capital-based information are analyzed by reviewing several theoretical viewpoints that offer a framework of different possible reasons for the low frequency of human capital-based disclosures. Findings -The paper explores several possible reasons for the reluctance of firms to disclose greater amounts of human capital-based information, from the perspective of relevant theoretical bases. The predominant reasons may differ in different circumstances, industries and environments.Research limitations/implications -The paper explores theoretical bases that explain the barriers to widespread reporting of human capital-based information. The theoretical bases discussed are not empirically validated. Practical implications -The validation of the theoretical bases explored in this study, and the possible uncovering of new bases in the future through empirical studies, will enable academics, policy makers and accounting standard setters to better understand the reasons for the limited disclosures of human capital-based information by listed firms to capital markets. This will help in the promulgation of widely accepted accounting standards for the disclosure of human capital-based information, which address and overcome the forces that currently hinder the reporting of human capital-based information.Originality/value -This is the first paper that explores a framework of several pertinent theoretical viewpoints that specifically address the non-disclosures of human capital-based information to capital markets.
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