Sucrose and/or NNS are effective in providing analgesia in full-term neonates undergoing heel-stick procedures, with the combined intervention being more effective compared with any single intervention.

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Background: Dehydration and hypernatremia amongst exclusively breast fed neonates due to inadequate breast feeding or due to less feeding is a potentially devastating condition, and its incidence rate increases during hot environment especially during summer months. We conducted this study to identify possible etiology behind dehydration and hypernatremia among healthy newborn.Methods: Authors retrospectively studied from available records from our Extramural NICU for months of March, April, and May 2017. Inclusion criteria for study were 1) Neonates with signs and symptoms of dehydration, 2) exclusively breast fed newborn. Those with congenital malformations, very low birth weight and perinatal asphyxia were excluded from the study.Results: Total NICU admissions were 434 during these months, and 28 patients we received with dehydration and 21 patients out of 28 had hypernatremia. Incidence rate of dehydration was 6.45%. Almost all the patients had altered renal functions at the time of admission, which became normal before discharge. 4 patients had culture proven sepsis. 2 patients died out of 28 patients. 26 patients out of 28 recovered completely and discharged.Conclusions: Dehydration and hypernatremia is preventable and treatable condition. All the mothers needs to taught correct feeding method like proper position and attachment of feeding. Signs of dehydration must be explained to mother as well as close relatives. Follow up visits should be ensured and check for weight is must. Not to encourage mother to give any other feed apart from exclusive breast feeding for first 6 months and even during summer months.

INTRODUCTIONThe World Health Organization describes birth asphyxia as failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth.1 WHO estimates in the developing countries 3% of all infants (3.6 millions) suffer from moderate to severe birth asphyxia, of which 23% (840,000) die and approximately the same numbers develop serious sequelae. Asphyxia accounts for 23% of neonatal deaths globally, and 8% of all deaths in children under five years of age.2 India, being a developing country, has high infant mortality rate (IMR), in which neonatal mortality rate (NMR) has a ABSTRACT Background: The World Health Organization describes birth asphyxia as failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth. The aim of the study was to study the clinical profile and outcome at 3 months of age of full term babies born with severe birth asphyxia and to analyze risk factors associated with adverse outcome. Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out over period of 12 months in year 2015-16. All fullterm babies born with severe birth asphyxia (n = 45) during four months period were enrolled and were followed up for 3 months. Severe birth asphyxia was defined as APGAR score 3 or less at 1 minute. Baseline characteristics, clinical profile and outcome were noted. HIE was graded as per Sarnat and Sarnat staging. Neurological Assessment at 7th day and on discharge was done and children were assessed by Amiel Tison Scale at 3 months. Multivariate analysis by linear regression was done to find risk factors associated with adverse outcome. Results: Of total 45 babies with SBA, 35 developed HIE, of which 13 (28.8%) were in HIE grade II and 13 (28.8%) were in HIE III. Mortality found was 20% while 28.5% of survivors had abnormal neurological outcome at 3 months. Multivariate analysis of risk factors shows that abnormal neurological findings on 7th day of life, APGAR ≤ 6 at 10 minute and HIE grade II or more were associated with abnormal outcome (p = 0.01). The risk factors associated with mortality were multiorgan dysfunction, difficult to control seizures, APGAR ≤4 at 10 minute (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Full term neonates with severe birth asphyxia has significant mortality and significant number of survivors has abnormal neurological outcome at 3 months of age. Presence of certain clinical indicators is associated with increased risk of adverse outcome.

Human toxocariasis is primarily a soil transmitted zoonosis.We report a case of two and half year old male child who presented with fever, anorexia and hepatosplenomegaly. Hemogram showed anaemia (Hb 5.8), leukocytosis (TLC 26,500) and marked eosinophilia (AEC 14,100). Further investigations revealed hypergammaglobulinemia, CT scan of Abdomen showed low density lesions in liver and liver biopsy showed noncaeseating epitheloid cell granulomas and infiltrates of lymphocytes and eosinophils. We decided to get a confirmatory serological diagnostic test for Toxocara and the result was positive .Child was treated for it with Oral Albendazole and responded dramatically.

Background: Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) after nationwide poliomyelitis eradication measures in India. AFP surveillance has increased the detection of cases. New modalities of management such as artificial ventilation and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are expected to increase survival of GBS patients.Objective: To study the clinical presentation, prognostic factors and outcome in GBS patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in Gujarat, India.

Background: Neonatal survival has increased after evolution of ventilation therapy in the last decade. Currently the major concerns are to prevent complications associated with ventilator therapy. Objectives:To do a prospective study of all ventilated newborns and assess all aspects associated with complications.