High specific energy and low cost flexible lithium/sulfur batteries have attracted significant attention as a promising power source to enable future flexible and wearable electronic devices. Here, we review recent progress in the development of free-standing sulfur composite cathodes, with special emphasis on electrode material selectivity and battery structural design. The mini-review is organized based on the dimensionality of different scaffold materials, namely one-dimensional carbon nanotube (CNT), two-dimensional graphene, and three-dimensional CNT/graphene composite, respectively. Finally, the opportunities and perspectives of the future research directions are discussed.

A sulfur/nitrogen-doped graphene (S/N-G) composite was synthesized by simple sonicated mixing of nanosized sulfur suspension and nitrogen-doped graphene suspension followed by heat treatment. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping showed the formation of a porous structure with uniform distribution of sulfur and nitrogen-doped graphene. Electrochemical performance reveals that the resultant S/N-G composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1355 mAh g −1 at the initial cycle, with 823 mAh g −1 remaining after 80 cycles at 0.

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Regioselective anodic a-fluorination of a-(arylthio)benzylphosphonate esters and [(arylthio)methyl]-and [(heteroarylthio)methyl]phosphonate esters was successfully carried out at a glassy carbon anode or platinum anode in dimethoxyethane and nitromethane to provide the corresponding a-fluorophosphonate esters in excellent to moderate yields.