In order to explore the hydrochemical characteristics, influencing factors, and water quality of various water bodies in Bangong Co Lake Watershed, 60 water samples were collected from lake, river, groundwater, glacier water bodies in the watershed. Piper diagram, Gibbs’ diagrams, ion ratio analysis, statistical methods, and principal component analysis were used to study the hydrochemical characteristics and its influencing factors. Drinking water quality index (DWQI) and USSL classification were applied to assess the groundwater quality suitability for agricultural and drinking purposes. The hydrochemical characteristics show the differences among water bodies and their spatial distribution. Analyzed groundwater and surface water samples such as river water and glaciers mainly presented Ca-HCO3 type, and lake water mainly presented Na-Cl type and a small number of Na-HCO3·Cl type. The lake water chemical components are mainly affected by evaporative karst decomposition. The main mineralization process of groundwater and river water was related to the dissolution of reservoir minerals such as dolomite and calcite, and halite. The DWQI indicates that 79% of the groundwater samples in the study area showed a good quality for drinking. For irrigation water quality, the electrical conductivity (EC), calculated Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Magnesium hazardous ratio (MHR) showed that more than 13% of the total samples were not suitable for irrigation. USSL classification indicated that glacier and river water are relatively suitable for irrigation. And part of the groundwater and lake water has very high alkalinity or salinity which is alarming when considered for irrigation.
Riverine lithium (Li) isotopes have been considered as a robust tracer for silicate weathering, but processes controlling riverine δ7Li ratios remain controversial. To address the impacts of weathering and hydrology on riverine δ7Li, the seasonal variation of water chemistry in the Min Jiang at the eastern Tibetan Plateau was investigated over December of 2009 to the end of 2010. The results showed distinct seasonal variations in ionic chemistry and δ7Li. Increased river discharge in the monsoon season diluted dissolved ions, and monsoonal hydrological changes caused frequent δ7Li fluctuations. High discharge caused by monsoonal rainfall reduced Li isotope fractionation by shortened rock–fluid interaction time, resulting in lower δ7Li, whereas the input of high δ7Li groundwater and landslide seepage elevated riverine δ7Li, together with lengthened rock–fluid interaction time in less rain intervals. Based on the high-resolution sampling strategy and dataset over one hydrological year, this study highlights that changes of hydrological conditions can have a significant impact on weathering processes and water sources, and therefore on riverine δ7Li variation.
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