BackgroundNuclear forkhead box protein P1 (N-FOXP1) expression in invasive breast cancer has been documented in the literature. However, the FOXP1 expression patterns at different stages of breast cancer progression are largely unknown, and the significance of cytoplasmic FOXP1 (C-FOXP1) expression in breast cancer has not been well illustrated. The aims of this study were to investigate FOXP1 expression patterns in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), and to analyze the clinicopathological relevance of C-FOXP1 and its prognostic value in IDC.MethodsN-FOXP1 and C-FOXP1 expression in cases of IDC, DCIS, ADH and UDH was determined using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between C-FOXP1 expression and clinicopathological parameters as well as the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of patients with IDC were analyzed.ResultsExclusive N-FOXP1 expression was found in 85.0% (17/20), 40.0% (8/20), 12.2% (5/41) and 10.8% (9/83) of UDH, ADH, DCIS, and IDC cases, respectively, and exclusive C-FOXP1 expression was observed in 0% (0/20), 0% (0/20), 4.9% (2/41), and 31.3% (26/83) of the cases, respectively. Both N- and C-FOXP1 staining were observed in 15.0% (3/20), 60.0% (12/20), 82.9% (34/41) and 48.2% (40/83) of the above cases, respectively, while complete loss of FOXP1 expression was observed in only 9.6% (8/83) of IDC cases. Estrogen receptor (ER) expression in C-FOXP1-positive IDC cases (31/66, 47.0%) was significantly lower than that in C-FOXP1-negative cases (13/17, 76.5%) (p = 0.030). Calpain II expression was observed in 83.3% (55/66) of C-FOXP1-positive IDC cases, which was significantly higher than that in C-FOXP1-negative cases (9/17, 52.9%) (p = 0.007). Calpain II was significantly associated with pAKT (p = 0.029), pmTOR (p = 0.011), p4E-BP1 (p < 0.001) and p-p70S6K (p = 0.003) expression levels. The 10-year OS and DFS rates of the C-FOXP1-positive patients were 60.5% and 48.7%, respectively, both of which were lower than those of the C-FOXP1-negative patients (93.3, 75.3%). The OS curve showed a dramatic impact of C-FOXP1 status on OS (p = 0.045).ConclusionsCytoplasmic relocalization of FOXP1 protein was a frequent event in breast IDC. Calpain II might play an important role in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of FOXP1 and the AKT pathway might be involved in this process. C-FOXP1 expression was inversely associated with ER expression and might be a predictor of poor OS in patients with IDC.
The electromagnetic force produced by air-gap eccentricity magnetic field includes kinds of frequencies, and excites multiform magnetism and solid coupling vibrations of stator system. In this paper, based on the improved model of double-shell system of asynchronous machine, the magnetism and solid coupling vibration equations of double-shell system are obtained. Considering the air-gap eccentricity, an improved expression of electromagnetic force is derived. Then the method of multiple scales is applied to solve the nonlinear parametric resonance. Through the numerical calculation, the influence of electromagnetic and mechanic parameters on amplitude- frequency characteristics is analyzed.
The flow past 3D cavity is a common structure, which is located on the surface of the underwater vehicle. The flow mechanism and hydrodynamic characteristics of the cavity have great significance for the design of the underwater vehicle. In this paper, large eddy simulation (LES) is presented to investigate the flow mechanism and hydrodynamic characteristics of the 3D cavity in terms of flow mechanisms, drag and fluctuating pressure. It is found that the motion law of the large vortex inside the cavity, and the drag and fluctuating pressure of the trailing edge is the largest. By the water tunnel experiment, the calculation result agrees with the experiment well, and LES method is verified feasibly.
The flow past 3D rigid cavity is a common structure on the surface of the underwater vehicle. The hydrodynamic noise generated by the structure has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Based on LES-Lighthill equivalent sources method, a 3D cavity is analyzed in this paper, when the Mach number is 0.0048. The hydrodynamic noise and the radiated mechanism of 3D cavity are investigated from the correlation between fluctuating pressure and frequency, the near-field sound pressure intensity, and the propagation directivity. It is found that the hydrodynamic noise is supported by the low frequency range, and fluctuating pressure of the trailing-edge is the largest, which is the main dipole source.
Based on the Maxwell equation and Kirchhoff assumption of thin plate, nonlinear magneto-elastic vibration equation, electrodynamics equation and electromagnetic force expressions of current-conducting thin plate were deduced. Furthermore, nonlinear super-harmonic resonance of thin beam-plate under lateral mechanical motive load in longitudinal magnetic field was studied. Considering the thin plate simply supported on two opposite sides, the magneto-elastic coupled vibration differential equations about function of displacement of vibration and electric field intensity were obtained by the method of Galerkin. Then, the amplitude-frequency response equation under super-harmonic resonance was derived by using method of Multiple scales. Correspondingly the stability of stable solution was analyzed. Through the numerical calculation, characteristic curves of amplitude changing with detuning parameter, the excitation amplitude and the magnetic intensity. At last, the influence of electric-magnetic and mechanic parameter on resonance phenomenon and stability of solution was analyzed.
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