Heat balance studies were carried out during summer ablation periods 1960-1983 by the glacial investigation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The effect of energy exchange on development of mountain glaciers was determined, based on the observation of heat exchange over the glacial surface of various mountainous regions. Relationships between energy transfer and climatic parameters under different climatic regimes and landform conditions are analyzed in detail. It was found that the most important heat source for snow-ice melting is radiation, a contribution amounting to between 59.0% and 92 .1% of the total. Sensible heat contributed 8 -36%. The sensible heat flux depends on the bulk transfer coefficient and the glacier cooling effect. The mean value is about 16.3 Ly/ day.K. With the decrease of sea influence, altitude of
Heat balance studies were carried out during summer ablation periods 1960-1983 by the glacial investigation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The effect of energy exchange on development of mountain glaciers was determined, based on the observation of heat exchange over the glacial surface of various mountainous regions. Relationships between energy transfer and climatic parameters under different climatic regimes and landform conditions are analyzed in detail. It was found that the most important heat source for snow-ice melting is radiation, a contribution amounting to between 59.0% and 92.1% of the total. Sensible heat contributed 8 - 36%. The sensible heat flux depends on the bulk transfer coefficient and the glacier cooling effect. The mean value is about 16.3 Ly/day.K.. With the decrease of sea influence, altitude of the snow-line is elevated, aridity of glacier climate increases, evaporation increases gradually and melting decreases, providing conditions for glacial nourishment. When the glacier is covered with a debris layer, the glacier heat balance in continental regions is altered. Finally, the authors’ investigation on the glacier No 1, at the headwater of Urumqi river, shows that differences in structure of glacier heat balance are mainly the result of the influence of the topography and albedo on net radiation. Finally, diagrams of distribution of net radiation in space and time are presented.
Objective To study the relationship between cyclin-dependent protein kinase 6 (CDK6) expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the clinical biological behavior and prognosis. Methods Data mining was performed using the Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases to analyze the expression level of CDK6 in DLBCL. CDK6 alterations in DLBCL and related functional networks were analyzed with c-BioPortal and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed by using DAVID and FunRich software. In addition, screening for differential gene expression of CDK6 was done and enriched by using LinkedOmics. Finally, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 102 patients with DLBCL were collected from the Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital (Taiyuan, Shanxi, China) from January 2015 through December 2020. All cases had complete clinical course records. Thirty cases of lymph node reactive hyperplasia tissues were used as controls. The expression of CDK6 in DLBCL tissues was detected by qRT‑PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Bioinformatics analysis: The data showed that mRNA expression level and DNA copy number variations (CNVs) of CDK6 were significantly higher in DLBCL as compared to normal tissue (P ˂ 0.05). Based on C-BioPortal analysis, we speculated that amplification was the most common copy of CDK6 CNV in DLBCL. Through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of these genes, it was found that the proteins were mainly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The biological interaction network of CDK6 alterations were found to participate primarily in the G1-S phase of the process. Analysis of LinkedOmics mRNA sequencing data showed that three genes were positively correlated with CDK6 expression: PSMD1, C2orf29 and ASB1. Through experimental verification, we found that CDK6 was overexpressed in DLBCL, and the expression of CDK6 mRNA and protein in DLBCL were positively correlated with Ann Arbor staging and IPI score (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with overall survival (P<0.001). Conclusion Data mining results and experiments revealed and confirmed multi-level evidence for the importance of CDK6 in DLBCL; hence, CDK6 may be a potential marker in DLBCL. Thus, our study will perhaps lay the foundation for further research on the role of CDK6 in the genesis and development of DLBCL.
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