From the point of word formation, the phenomenon of lexical blending is a common productive process, entailing the notion of combination of lexemes in so many languages. In the vast majority of literature on blends, they preserve a linear formation of segments with a shortening of both lexemes. However, in sign languages where morphological categories are mainly encoded by non-concatenative morphology, signed blends can be created by the general mechanism of templatic structures, the combination of lexical bases into a non-linear sequence. Specifically, the main purposes in this study are (i) to provide a comprehensive definition of blending formation in signed modality, (ii) to determine whether there are any structural regularities in the formation of lexical blends in Turkish Sign Language (TİD), and (iii) to classify TİD blends according to well-defined criteria. The corpus data to be studied currently include 109 blending formations. Overall, the results demonstrate that TİD data has familiar properties of blends (named complete blends here) in established spoken languages, as well as modality-specific types of root, simultaneous and initialized blends. We propose a modality-specific categorization, in which blend formation is not limited to linear organization and actual source words.

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Recently, many studies have examined the phonological parameters in sign languages from various research perspectives, paying close attention in particular to manual parameters such as handshape, place of articulation, movement, and orientation of the hands. However, these studies have been conducted on only a few sign languages such as American and British Sign Languages, and have paid little attention to nonmanual features. In this study, we investigated yet another sign language, Turkish Sign Language (TİD), focusing on both manual and nonmanual features to examine "minimal pairs", a cornerstone concept of phonology. We applied Brentari's (2005) feature classification and Pfau and Quer's (2010) phonological (or lexical) nonmanual categorization. Our analysis showed that both phonological features and constraints on TİD sign formation have a phonological structure similar to other well-studied sign languages. The results indicate that not only are phonological features a necessary notion for the description of both manual and nonmanual parameters at the lexical level in TİD, but also that nonmanuals have to be considered an essential part of sign as a way of better understanding their phonological roles in sign language phonology.

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From a lexicography perspective, the phenomenon of dictionary lookup frequencies can answer many critical questions on the dictionary users' needs and the relationship between corpus data and look-up tendencies. Although numerous studies have been carried out on the theoretical and functional aspects of look-up frequencies in the field of spoken language to date, there are relatively a few attempts to describe the characteristics of look-up behaviors in sign languages. This paper investigates the relationship between the objective frequency list of the Turkish Sign Language Corpus (Makaroğlu, 2021) and The Contemporary Turkish Sign Language Dictionary (Makaroğlu & Dikyuva, 2017) look-up occurrences. Using an approach to compare corpus data and log files, the results demonstrate that there are very limited similarities between the two and that there is no positive relationship for the percentage of the highest ranked items. In addition, the current study concludes that the corpus-based objective frequency list is a comparatively poor predictor of the dictionary look-up frequency and this difference could be direct result of the morphological structure of the words/signs in TİD (rather simultaneous realization) compared to Turkish (rather agglutinative morphology).

Fundamental research topic in the second language acquisition studies is that acquisition process is based on how and when it occurred. In this research, acquisition strategy of lexical and inherent cases of individuals who acquired Turkish as a second language and the effects of inherent case's being more regulate and predictable on acquisition of second language were discussed. Ablative and dative were chosen from among the case types and source, goal and theme were chosen from among the thematic roles types. 36 participants consisting from language level of B1 ( 19) and B2 ( 17) took part in the study. The data collected via Grammaticality Judgement Test based on case, which was developed by researchers and The test was applied 240 native speakers to determine the reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency reliability was measured and reliability of the test was found to be .77.

One of the peculiarities of sign languages is that verbs are listed in the lexicon according to agreement types that are categorized by tripartite verb classification of Padden (1983, 1988, 1990): (i) plain verbs, (ii) agreement verbs, and (iii) spatial verbs. However, Padden's classical classification does not clearly present the mutually exclusive criteria between the verb types in that transitions between the types have been frequently observed. In this study we aim to show that verb types are related to the combination of roots with specific verbal templates within TİD data, by following the view that SLs are similar to Semitic languages in exhibiting morphological [root + template] combination (Liddell, 1984; Fernald & Lillo-Martin, 2006). We analyze the root as an underspecified lexical and phonological core that becomes a pronounceable/signable verb in combining with verbal patterns/templates in the lexicalization process and suggest that TİD has six different verbal templates which can be characterized in terms of agreement.

Görsel-uzamsal modaliteye özgü farklılıkları, sözdizimanlambilim arakesitinde bir araya getiren bu çalışma, Türk İşaret Dilinde (TİD) işaret alanının gönderimsel amaçlarla kullanılmasına odaklanmaktadır. TİD verisine dayanarak, kimlik uzamı ve eksiltili uzam (işaretçinin önündeki sınırlı alan) arasındaki belirgin ayrımdan yola çıkarak işaret alanının kullanımının anlambilimsel çözümlenmesine ilişkin genel bir bakış sunmaktadır. TİD'de eksiltili alan hem gönderimsel (örn. söylem gösterimi) hem de gönderim-dışı birimler (örn. belirteç öbeklerindeki göstermeler) ile ilişkili olabilmektedir. Costello (2016)'yı takip eden çalışma, adın kendisi ve "gönderimsel çıkak" olarak adlandırılan uzamsal konum arasındaki ilişkiye yoğunlaşarak anlamsal gönderimsellikte [+kimlik] ϕ-özelliğinin özel rolünü tartışmaktadır. Ayrıca, TİD'de kimlik ϕ-özelliğinin AÖ'yü yöneten işlevsel bir başta yer aldığı öne sürülmektedir. Uzamın eşbiçimli haritalanmasındaki çok belirgin benzerliklere rağmen, işaret dillerindeki gönderimsellik olgusunu çözümlemek için daha fazla karşılaştırmalı dilbilgisel veriye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.