This research project aims to study the digital divide between teachers and female students of state-run high schools of Astara. The survey research method was used for this research. The information was collected through two researcher developed questionnaires: one related to teachers and the other one related to students. All the teachers and female students of staterun high schools of Astara formed the statistical population of this research project which included 94 teachers and 432 students. The statistical population was selected according to Krejcie and Morgan table and through simple one-step random sampling. The findings of the research showed that that although teachers have more expertise of information and communication technologies than students, teachers and students possess the same amount of hardware facilities. There is a significant difference between students' using of information and communication technologies and that of teachers: students use information and communication technologies more than teachers. Teachers' level of education does not affect their possession and using of information and communication technologies. In general, the results of the research showed that there was a digital divide between teachers and students. In order to remove or reduce this divide and develop educational knowledge and technology, it is required to change and improve the structure, organization and the methods of our country's educational system. Keywords: digital divide, information and communication technology, Teachers, Students, Schools, Astara International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social SciencesNovember 2013, Vol. 3, No. 11 ISSN: 2222 357 www.hrmars.com/journals IntroductionIn knowledge-oriented society of today, humankind is passing a deep evolution. Not only this evolution covers technology, devices and environment, but also includes our lifestyle and fundamental concepts of life, from concept of work to the concept of education, which all have experienced major changes. ( Tatabayi Ariani, 1381). Major changes that have happened recently, have essentially changed societies in many ways. These changes have caused significant changes in educational systems: Educational patters have turned schools to learningoriented patterns and have initiated an era of digital instruction; an era in which learning has made its way outside schools and universities and is accessible from home, workplace and other places. In fact, all of these changes are the results of growth of communicative technologies. ( Battro, 1384: 16) With emergence of new technologies, the profession of teaching has changes from being teacher-oriented and oration-based instruction to pervasive-oriented and cooperative learning environment. It should be noted it is individuals who change the instruction not technology and first of all, teachers should become an effective and efficient force. Therefore, just using the technology s not important; teachers should also consider thinking methods which are usually pr...
The purpose of this survey is to introduce the relationship between aspects of knowledge management and the extent of readiness of the personnel for transition in North Khorasan Education Organization and it is assumed that there is a relationship between aspects of knowledge management (strategy, structure, procedure, technology, personnel and their roles) and the extent of readiness for transition. Therefore, to prove the hypotheses, measurement field survey has been used and the statistical population in question includes the whole 426 personnel of North Khorasan Education Organization from whom 202 statistical samples were chosen by means of Morgan Table and relative random classificatory sampling and for assessing hypotheses, 47 questionnaires were used. To evaluate the authenticity of the questionnaire, confirmatory factorial assessment and to evaluate its constancy, Cronbach's alpha was used indicating that the results demonstrate a direct, positive and meaningful relationship between the aspects of knowledge management and the extent of readiness for transition and in the survey all hypotheses and variables have had a positive and direct effect.
This study seeks to answer the fundamental question that whether there is a meaningful relationship between social capital and mental wellbeing of the Golestan Education office staff. The survey method is descriptive and correlation. Statistical society of the research is all the staffs of the Golestan Education office with the academic degree of diploma or primary diploma, BA, MA and above. These staffs were 120 people and based on the Morgan and Kerjesi's table, 92 of them were chosen by the method of random sampling. The data was collected by the method of library and sampling and the paraphernalia is the standard questionnaires of Volcat and Narayan's social capital and the mental health. Questionnaire validity was confirmed by teachers and guides. Questionnaire reliability was measured respectively 80% and 77% for the social capital and mental health questionnaires by the method of Cronbach's alpha. For the analysis of the data, the Spearman correlation test was used and at last, the SPSS software was used to confirm the normality of the data. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social SciencesNovember , Vol. 3, No. 11 ISSN: 2222 391 www.hrmars.com/journalsThe results show that there is a meaningful relationship between all the elements of the social capital (In-group social capital, Out-group social capital, and communicative social capital) and the mental health of the Golestan Education office staff .
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