BackgroundEarly obesity and its transfer to the adulthood, increases likelihood incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) as a member of the ABC transporters family plays a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport and CAD prevention.ObjectiveThe current study aimed to investigate ABCA1 expression in lymphocytes, plasma apolipoprotein A-I and HDL-C in response to eight-week interval endurance rope training in overweight and obese boy adolescents.Patients and MethodsThirty students (17.3 ± 1.1 yr, 85.73 ± 11.68 kg and 28.41 ± 2.36 kg / m²) volunteered and were randomly assigned into training (n= 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Exercise protocol was interval endurance rope training (8 wk, 4 d/wk and 40 min/d). Cell hemolysis and sensitive Elisa method was used for Lymphocyte ABAC1 protein expression.t-test was employed.ResultsThe independent-samples T-Test results showed that after 8 weeks IERT, the levels of lymphocyte ABCA1 expression (P = 0/001) and VO2max(P = 0/001) significantly increased and plasma levels of TG (P = 0.017), TC (P = 0.001), LDL-c/HDL-c (P = 0.026),TC/HDL-c (P = 0.002) and measures of BF% (P = 0/015) and BMI (P = 0.042) as anthropometric indicators significantly decreased. Changes of other variables such as increase in ApoA-I, HDL-c and decrease in LDL-c, body weight, were not significant.ConclusionsThe findings of this study proved that eight-week interval endurance rope training can have positive effects on lymphocyte ABCA1 protein expression (as gatekeeper of reverse cholesterol process) and lipid profiles among overweight and obese boy adolescents.

Background: Oxidative stress results from imbalance in the body's redox position, which results in tissue damage due to increased intracellular radicals. Antioxidants prevent the oxidation of fatty acids and prevent foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque. Portulaca, which is one of the supplements, is considered as an antioxidant-rich plant. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of Portulaca supplementation on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress in non-active girls. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on non-active girls (overweight and obese) with an age range of 20-30 years in Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. 20 subjects were qualified and randomly divided into two control (n = 10) and complement (n = 10) groups. Subjects of supplemented group received 1200 portulaca mg per day for eight weeks. Data were analyzed by t-test using by SPSS20 software. Statistical significance criterion was set as P<0.05.Results: The results showed that serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly increased in the supplemented group (P<0.05), while the amount of malondialdehyde (MAD) decreased, this decline was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Portulaca supplements are likely to be effective in improving cardiovascularhealth and preventing cardiovascular disease and strengthening the antioxidant system in overweight and obese people, and destroys lipid peroxidation that produces ROS.

Introduction: An increase of glucose and blood lipids in diabetic patients leads to worsening of late complications of diabetes. However the relationship between osteocalcin and PTH with glycemic, lipid and adiposity parameters especially following training in DM patients remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between serum osteocalcin and PTH concentrations with glycemic, lipid and adiposity parameters subsequent 10-weeks of aerobic training in women with type 2. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 postmenopausal women with DM (40-60 years) were selected and randomly assigned in to exercise (20) and control (20) groups. Exercise protocol was 10 weeks (3d/wk, 40 to 60 min/d with 45% to 60% HRR) of PAE (aerobics and walking activities). Blood samples were taken before and after the exercise to measure serum variables. Data is analyzed by SPSS.20 Results: At the base line, there was no significant correlation between osteocalcin (except blood glucose and WHR) and PTH with any of the variables. But after the exercise there was a significant correlation between osteocalcin with PBF, WC, WHR, HbA1c, blood glucose, insulin resistance index and between PTH with PBF and TC (P < 0.05). Moreover, the exercise resulted in a significant increase in osteocalcin and insignificant decrease in PTH. Conclusions: This study shows that exercising (e.g. aerobics and walking) influences on osteocalcin, glycemic, lipid and adiposity parameters, which can be used to control type 2 diabetes. However, to reduce the PTH and prevent its adverse effects on diabetic patients, this type of training is not effective and requires further investigation. This training method can be recommended as a non-invasive treatment for controlling blood glucose, serum lipids and body composition in DM patients.

Background: Atherogenic indices are among risk factors of diabetes which can cause cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 10-week aerobic training on atherogenic indices, lipid profile, and body composition in women with type II diabetes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 postmenopausal women with type II diabetes (aged 40 to 60 years) were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The exercise protocol included a 10-week aerobic training [aerobic exercise and walking for 3d/wk, 45 to 60 min/d with 45 to 60% heart rate reserve (HRR)]. The atherogenic indices of non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-c), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio (LDL-c/HDL-c ratio), total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TC/HDL-c), lipid product index (LPA), lipid profile, and body composition were measured before and after the intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using t-test. The statistical significance criterion was set at P < 0.05. Results:The results showed that the levels of TG, LDL-c/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c significantly decreased as a result of the intervention. However, the changes of LPA, AIP, HDL-c, LDL-c, TC, non-HDL-c, and body composition indices were not significant. Conclusions: Considering the results of the current study, it seems that aerobic exercise and walking with appropriate volume and intensity can affect atherogenic indices, lipid profile, and body composition in diabetic patients and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, among these patients. Further studies are needed to achieve more accurate results.

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