Background: In the present study, we have investigated the morphological variation in a set of five Opuntia species from the Algerian steppes using 49 UPOV descriptors. Questions: Which of the 49 descriptors that can be used as powerful estimators of the phenotypic diversity within Opuntia species? How is the morphological diversity patterned in Algerian Opuntia? Species study/ Mathematical model: Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia amycleae, Opuntia streptacantha, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia robusta. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used. Study site: Four counties were studied located in the Algerian steppes. The present research was carried out during 2014. Methods: 49 descriptors adopted by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) were employed in the present research, where cladode, flower and fruit traits were used to determine the overall degree of polymorphism among 5 Opuntia species. Results: Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis indicated a consistent differentiation between all studied species. The relative magnitude of the first two PCA eigenvectors showed that 8 descriptors out of 49 were identified as the most important descriptors for the classification of the species. The dendrogram performed on the calculated Euclidean distances between all species pairs allowed the identification of 3 groups, unlike the PCA that identified 4 groups. The species Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia amycleae were identified as very close morphologically. Conclusions:The present outcome represents a paramount step towards the fast selection of interesting species and for their best management and conservation. Key words: Opuntia, diversity, multivariate analyses, clustering, UPOV. ResumenAntecedentes: En el presente estudio, hemos investigado la variación morfológica en un conjunto de cinco especies de Opuntia de las estepas argelinas utilizando 49 descriptores UPOV. Preguntas: ¿Cuáles de los 49 descriptores que pueden ser utilizados como estimadores poderosos de la diversidad fenotípica dentro de las especies de Opuntia? ¿Cómo se modela la diversidad morfológica en el Opuntia Argelina? Especie en estudio/ Modelo matemático: Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia amycleae, Opuntia streptacantha, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia robusta. Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) y un Análisis de Agrupamiento Jerárquico fueron usados Sitio de estudio y fechas: Se estudiaron cuatro condados situados en la estepa argelina. La presente investigación se realizó durante el año 2014. Métodos: En la presente investigación se utilizaron 49 descriptores adoptados por la Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales (UPOV), en los que se utilizaron características de cladodio, flor y fruto para determinar el grado global de polimorfismo entre 5 especies de Opuntia. Resultados: Se aplicó un análisis multivariado, constituido por un análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y un análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico, cuyo...
The accumulation of soluble salts in the soil diminishes significantly the value of the productivity of cultivated or not cultivated species. The introduction of plants tolerant to salinity is one of the techniques used for the valuation of marginal soils. Faced with this problem, the Opuntia has a great capacity to adapt to various weather conditions. The objective of the present study was the influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) at different levels (control, 200, 400, 600meq.l -1 ) on synthesis of proline and soluble sugars in two species of Opuntia. The results show the variability of the proline accumulation and soluble sugars according to the organ, species and dose of salts. The accumulations of these compounds are much more in cladodes compared to the roots. In O. engelmanii var. longuiformis the content of proline will increase from 0.46 µg/100g FW in the control plants to 0.89 and 0.93 µg/100g FW in the stressed plants at 400 and 600 meq.l -1 of NaCl respectively in young cladode.At O. streptacantha Lem. the highest soluble sugars content in the aged cladode (98 µg/100g FW) was recorded with the stress at 600 meq.l -1 . This suggests that, both Opuntia species are able to accumulate these biochemical compounds, order to ensure the osmotic adjustment under stress conditions at varying proportions.
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