Background: Plant elements such as carbohydrates, lipids, flavonoids, polyphenols, enzymes, terpenoids, and alkaloids are used as reducing substance in the green production of silver nanoparticles. The strategy proved to be highly straightforward, cost-effective, and practical. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of nanoparticles was validated using optical inspection, in which the yellow colour solution became brown. UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR analysis, and SEM were used to further characterise the material. Results: Transmission electron microscopy have shown that the silver nanoparticles size was between 10-46 nm (SEM). Size of silver nanoparticles was found to be between 10-46nm approximately as determined by transmission electron microscopy (SEM). Well diffusion method demonstrated the antifungal activity of AgNPs on Magnaporthe oryzae with the zone of inhibition of 5 and 11mm when 12.5 and 25μg/ ml of AgNPs was used respectively. Lowest inhibitory concentration was found to be 5.2. Conclusion: The leakage of reducing sugars and proteins was used to explore the mode of action of nanoparticles' antifungal activity, indicating that AgNPs were able to reduce membrane permeability.
Objectives: In this study, we focus on the amount of the two defence enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POX) expressed with regard to the treatment of green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: The leaf blades were infected with Fungal spores and silver nanoparticles by spraying, and following infection, we estimated the enzyme activity of PAL and POX. The PAL activity is considered by using cinnamic acid as a standard. Results: Our results showed both the PAL and POX enzymes were found to be elevated on infection with spores, and on treatment, the activity was reduced in both cases. There was a significant elevation of PAL (8.937±0.55) in infected leaves, which could be due to infection and on treatment, the enzyme activity was reduced which possibly could be because of the antifungal activity of the synthesised nanoparticles. The POX levels exceeded the control by 417.86%, 807.14% and 921.43% respectively for infected, treatment with AgNPs and treatment with positive control. This confirms the role of the peroxide enzyme in disease control and resistance. Conclusion: This enzyme activity study to our knowledge is the first report done on the infected rice plants with Magnaporthe oryzae and on treatment with silver nanoparticles. This could pave the way to understanding the role of these enzymes in defence activity.
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