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The combination of antibiotherapy and OT markedly ameliorated renal dysfunction and improved antioxidant status and histopathologic modalities in rats subjected to E. coli-induced APN than either antibiotherapy or OT treatment alone. Therefore, OT may be considered as an adjuvant therapy to classical antibiotherapy to prevent renal inflammation and fibrosis in APN.

Introduction. Ingestion of corrosive substances may lead to stricture formation in esophagus as a late complication. Full thickness injury seems to exterminate tissue stem cells of esophagus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into specific cell lineages and have the capacity of homing in sites of injury. Aim and Methods. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of MSC transplantation, on prevention of esophageal damage and stricture formation after caustic esophagus injury in rats. 54 rats were allocated into four groups; 4 rats were sacrificed for MSC production. Group 1, untreated controls (n: 10). Group 2, membrane labeled MSCs-treated rats (n: 20). Group 3, biodistribution of fluorodeoxyglucose labeled MSCs via positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (n: 10). Group 4, sham operated (n: 10). Standard caustic esophageal burns were created and MSCs were transplanted 24 hours after. All rats were sacrificed at the 21st days. Results. PET scan images revealed the homing behavior of MSCs to the injury site. The histopathology damage score was not significantly different from controls. However, we demonstrated Dil labeled epithelial and muscle cells which were originating from transplanted MSCs. Conclusion. MSC transplantation after caustic esophageal injury may be a helpful treatment modality; however, probably repeated infusions are needed.

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Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis, characterized with palpable purpuric rush and collection of immunglobuline A (Ig A) around small vessels. Onset of purpuric rush at gluteus and lower extremities is the main symptom of the disease, however it presents with a wide variety of signs and symptoms. Here, we present a two-year-old boy who had presented with penile swelling and color change. Then, purpuric rush was occurred and it was seen spontenous resolution on second day without treatment.

There is growing evidence that bladder dysfunction is a negative prognostic factor for spontaneous resolution of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). This study evaluated the prevalence of urodynamic abnormalities in infants with primary VUR who were referred over a 4-year period. The urodynamic evaluations and medical records of 54 infants with primary VUR (79 ureters with reflux) were reviewed prospectively. Urodynamic dysfunction was observed in 46.3% (n = 25) of infants with primary VUR; 35.2% (n = 19) had a low bladder capacity and 11.1% (n = 6) had a large bladder capacity. All infants with large bladder capacities also had high grade (IV - V) VUR. In conclusion, there was a close relationship between bladder dysfunction and primary VUR. For that reason, urodynamic testing of infants with primary VUR should be performed as part of routine clinical evaluations.