A decade of strong economic growth and rapid urbanization are transforming Indonesia’s food retail sector. In particular, supermarkets and related modern retail outlets are reorganizing how high value fruit and vegetable supply chains operate, effecting quantities, varieties, quality and prices. Among the agricultural development issues facing Indonesia’s policymakers are efficiency and distributional consequences of these transforming fruit and vegetable markets. This study examines asymmetric price transmission in chili supply chains to assess emerging market failures and potential equity implications for producers and consumers. The Indonesian government recognizes chilies as one of its 10 priority crops.  Chilies are produced by more than 400,000 small scale producers and are an essential ingredient in the Indonesian daily diet. Historically, chili markets have exhibited large price fluctuations in Indonesia. Two methods for examining asymmetric price transmission are compared using monthly data over an 18 year period in Java: Houck’s model and the Error Correction Model (ECM). Although commonly believed that modern retail sectors are increasing market power and influencing prices, both models suggest that there is no price asymmetry issue in the chili supply chain in Indonesia. Key word: chili, price, asimetric, transmission

<p align="left"> </p><p><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Abstrak </span></strong></p><p><strong></strong>Selama tahun 2002 – 2010, penolakan produk perikanan Indonesia di negara tujuan ekspor mencapai 80% dari 2.608 kasus penolakan terhadap produk pangan Indonesia, dimana tuna dan cakalang merupakan komoditi utama. Permasalahan utama yang menjadi alasan penolakan adalah isu ketidaksesuaian produk perikanan dengan standar di negara tujuan. Namun sebaliknya, impor produk perikanan selama periode 2007 – 2011 naik 40% setiap tahunnya dengan mutu yang belum tentu sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian standar memiliki peran yang penting dalam peningkatan produk ekspor dan pengendalian produk impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kebutuhan standar produk perikanan tuna dan cakalang serta kesesuaian atau ketidaksesuaian antara SNI dengan standar yang dibutuhkan oleh pasar ekspor untuk tuna dan cakalang beku. Dengan menggunakan analisis <em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">gap</span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">, diperoleh bahwa kriteria pada SNI sudah sesuai dengan standar internasional dan mitra dagang. Bahkan, SNI lebih ketat terkait nilai rujukan. Namun, syarat standar pada mitra dagang lebih banyak dan berkembang sesuai kebutuhan pasar dan perkembangan teknologi. Dengan demikian, secara keseluruhan terdapat lebih banyak </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">gap </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">negatif dibandingkan dengan </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">gap </span></em></span></em><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">positif pada SNI yang pada akhirnya dapat mempengaruhi daya saing, khususnya kualitas produk ekspor. </span></p><strong><strong></strong></strong><p>Kata kunci :<strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">kesesuaian standar, Standar Nasional Indonesia, standar internasional, ekspor produk perikanan. </span></span></span></strong><strong><strong><em></em></strong></strong></p><p>Abstract</p><strong><em></em></strong><p>In 2002 – 2010, rejection of Indonesian fisheries product recorded at 80% from 2.608 cases of Indonesian food products rejection at export destination countries, of which dominated by tuna and skipjack. The major reason was non-compliance issue with standards at export destination countries. On the other hand, between 2007-2011 imported fisheries product grew 40% per year, though the quality is not certainly comply with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). This condition accentuates that standard conformity playing an essential role in promoting export as well as controlling import. This study aims to figure out the required measures for tuna and skipjack standard and conformity existence between SNI and prevailing standardsin export destination countries. By performing gap analysis, this study found that requirements in SNI already inline with international and export destination countries standards, moreover reference point in SNI is stricter. However, market needs and technology development has been well adopted in requirements of destination countries standards which leads to dominant negative gap in SNI. Thus, this condition will have the potential to adversely affect product competitiveness, especially for export product.</p><strong><strong></strong></strong><p>Keywords:<span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">standard conformity, Indonesian National Standard, international standard, export of fisheries product. </span></p>

Abstrak Pemerintah berupaya menjaga stabilitas harga bahan pangan pokok melalui berbagai kebijakan penetapan harga. Salah satunya adalah kebijakan penetapan Harga Acuan Pembelian (HAP) pada komoditas gula. Dalam implementasinya, penerapan HAP Gula di tingkat eceran dinilai berdampak pada penurunan harga gula di tingkat petani/produsen. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan HAP Gula terhadap harga lelang gula petani dan stabilitas harga gula, dan merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan HAP Gula yang efektif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis ekonometrik melalui Error Correction Model (ECM), hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan HET berpengaruh terhadap harga lelang gula petani dalam jangka pendek. Dalam jangka panjang, harga lelang gula petani lebih ditentukan oleh harga gula impor, stok gula nasional, dan harga lelang gula pada periode sebelumnya. Kebijakan yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga lelang gula yaitu penerapan PPN Gula. Kajian ini merekomendasikan bahwa penetapan kebijakan HAP pada komoditi gula dapat terus dilakukan dalam rangka stabilisasi harga dengan melakukan evaluasi secara berkala. Pemerintah dapat mempertahankan HAP gula sebesar Rp 12.500/kg yang didukung oleh beberapa hal yaitu: menangguhkan penerapan PPN gula petani; mengawasi keberadaan satgas pangan; menerapkan pengawasan pasar gula yang memberikan kepastian pada petani, pabrik gula, dan konsumen. Kata Kunci:  Kebijakan HAP, Error Correction Model (ECM), Stabilisasi Harga Gula   Abstract The Government strives to keep price stability of staple food through price policy, the so-called “Harga Acuan Pembelian (HAP) for sugar”. During its implementation, the policy has given negative impact on farm gate price. This study aims to analyze the effect of HAP for sugar to farm gate price which is reflected in auction price as well as its impact to price stabilization, and formulate effective policy recommendations on HAP for sugar. Using Error Correction Model (ECM), the study shown that HAP for sugar significantly impacted the auction price yet in the short term. While for the long term, the auction price of sugar was more affected by import sugar price, national sugar stock, and sugar auction price in previous period. Moreover, the implementation of value added tax (VAT) on sugar affected significantly to the auction price. The study recommended the HAP for sugar can be consistently implemented with periodic evaluation. Accordingly, the Government can maintain the prevailing HAP at Rp 12.500/kg which has to be supported by forgoing the VAT policy on sugar; monitoring the role of task force; and strongly supervising the domestic sugar market that is favourable to farmers, sugar millers, and consumers. Keywords: Price Policy, Error Correction Model (ECM), Sugar Price Stabilization JEL Classification: E31, Q13,Q18

Jasa pergudangan merupakan sektor usaha yang diperlukan untuk merespon perubahan tren logistik, potensi pertumbuhan perdagangan, serta tuntutan efisiensi dalam menghadapi liberalisasi sektor jasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi dan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja jasa pergudangan sehingga kebijakan yang efektif dapat dirumuskan, mengingat jasa pergudangan bersifat lintas sektoral. Untuk mengetahui posisi jasa pergudangan, digunakan analisis SWOT, sedangkan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kinerja jasa pergudangan digunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Berdasarkan analisis SWOT, ekspansi jasa pergudangan Indonesia melalui peningkatan kualitas SDM, penerapan teknologi, dan klasterisasi daerah pergudangan perlu dilakukan, sehingga peluang yang ada dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Hasil analisis SEM dengan Partial Least Square (PLS) menunjukkan bahwa variabel kebijakan perpajakan dan upah merupakan faktor yang paling signifikan dalam mendukung ekspansi jasa pergudangan. Untuk itu, kebijakan yang dapat menimbulkan pajak ganda, misalnya pembebanan pajak penghasilan pada setiap proses logistik untuk satu produk, harus dihindari. Penetapan upah minimum regional tidak perlu dinaikkan karena dapat menghambat ekspansi usaha. Warehouse service is a business sector which plays a significant role in addressing some changes in logistic trend, potentials of trade growth, and the needs of efficiency as a result of services trade liberalization. This study aims at finding out positions and enabling factors which affect warehouse services performance. These are needed to formulate an effective policy since warehouse services operation is inter-sectoral. SWOT analysis is used to analyse the positions of warehouse services, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to identify enabling factors of warehouse services. SWOT analysis shows that warehouse services in Indonesia needs to be expanded by human resource development, technology, and warehousing cluster policy in order to grab maximum opportunities. The results of Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square finds tax shows that tax policy variable and regional wage appears to be the most significant variable that supports expansion of warehouse services. Therefore, any policies that potentially cause double taxation, such as the imposition of income tax of one product in every logistic process must be eliminated. Besides, regional minimum wage should not be increased as it would hamper the business expansion.

The implementation of mandatory regulations of tin export through commodity multi-exchange has been considered effective in suppressing illegal tin trading practices, building transparency in transaction and export record, and creating added value for tin export. However, the essence of a multi-exchange policy should also promote the increasing in value and volume of tin transactions. This analysis aims to see the difference in the value and volume of tin transactions before and after the multi-exchange policy. By using the Paired Sample t-test, there are shown significant differences in value and volume of tin transactions whereby the value and volume transacted after the multi-exchange policy is relatively lower. The decrease in transaction value will affect the state tin royalty revenue. Interestingly, the decline in transaction value is driven by the high disparity between the value and volume of transactions between the two exchanges. Therefore, trade policies that support the consolidation of the tin market are urgently needed to optimize state royalty revenues.