The article examines the role of the medieval settlement of Kyshkala among our historical values, touching upon the results of archaeological research carried out to this day. Also the historical topographic structure of the city was described, information about the central part and economic zones was given. Due to the lack of knowledge of the economic zone of the medieval settlement of Kyshkala, including the place of the kiln for firing ceramics, within the framework of this topic, we decided to conduct research work, identify the specifics of the identified kiln and introduce it into scientific circulation. The article discusses the results of archaeological research work carried out in the Kyshkala Settlement in 2019, analyzes the architectural features, manufacturing technology and building materials of the furnace, identified in the economic zone of the monument. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out with pottery kilns found in medieval cities and additional scientific conclusions were drawn. On the basis of material data obtained during the excavations, the period of the stove's location in the Kyshkala Settlement was determined.
Archaeological research reveals the special role of the image of animals in the worldview and religious beliefs of the nomadic tribes inhabiting the Eurasian continent. For a specific purpose, ancient inhabitants made vessels with images of animals intended for everyday life or religious rites. When researching the monuments of nomadic and sedentary tribes, vessels and cauldrons with zoomorphic handles, swords, and daggers with zoomorphic handles are increasingly found. Unfortunately, their purpose, chronology, area of distribution, and typology of zoomorphic pens have been little studied. In this article, therefore, we have presented a comparative analysis of zoomorphic handles found in monuments of the Kangly and Sarmatian tribes living in the Eurasian continent, focusing on the purpose, zoning, chronology and regional peculiarities of zoomorphic-handled ceramics. From this comparative analysis, we have identified the specific features of zoomorphic handles of the Kangly and Sarmatian tribes and the chronology of steady ceramics from burial ground number 3 in Myntobe. In addition, the article provides information about the Zhetasar, Otyrar-Karatau, and the distribution of the Kauynshy cultures.
Known as one of the largest centers along the Great Silk Road, Syganak was one of the most important cities of the Kazakh Khanate in the Middle Ages, where science and culture, trade and art, agriculture and animal husbandry developed simultaneously. The town was the capital of the Kipchak Khanate in the XI-XIII centuries, in the XIV-XV centuries it was recognized as the capital of the White Horde, and in the XV-XVIII centuries it became the capital, political and economic center of the Kazakh Khanate. The cultural strata of Syganak under the Kazakh Khanate still need to be studied. In this regard, in order to revive the main elements of the material and spiritual culture of the town of Syganak, to deepen information about economic and socio-cultural ties between the prominent cities of the Kazakh Khanate along the Great Silk Road. As part of the program, we decided to conduct archeological research in the citadel part of the town of Syganak and put it into scientific circulation. The article focuses on the history of the study of the town of Syganak and the results of archeological research in the town in 2021, the importance of the settlement under the Kazakh Khanate and the peculiarities of housing in the XVIII-XIXcenturies.
Introduction. In Eurasia’s history and archeology, the issues of origins, inhabited territories, and political history of Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes remain understudied. Archaeological data are supplemented with messages on Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes contained in works of ancient writers, since no written sources have been found in monuments of those tribes proper. Goals. The study aims to analyze historical sources and archaeological data, examine the history of origins of Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes to have inhabited the Southern Uralsin the Iron Age,and focuses on swords from Sauromato-Sarmatian monuments of Western Kazakhstan. Materials. Swords and daggers that constitute the bulk of finds from burials provide valuable information for determining chronologies of burial grounds or certain burials and identifying areas once inhabitedby the nomadic tribes,with regional features of those tribes be duly distinguished. A. Melyukova, K. Smirnov, A. Khazanov, E. Chernenko, A. Simonenko, P. Shulga, V. Kocheev and other researchers have developed a chronological typology for swords and daggers from monuments of nomadic tribes of the Northern Black Sea, the North Caucasus, and other regions. However, Sauromato-Sarmatian weapons from Western Kazakhstan have remained unstudied without any chronological typology developed. So, the work employs experiences of the above-mentioned researchers and systematizes the available and newlyobtained data to develop a typological classification and chronology of swords from Sauromato-Sarmatian burial grounds excavated in the territory of Western Kazakhstan. Results. The paper notes that the Sauromato-Sarmatians descend from Bronze Age populations to have created the Andronovo and Srubnaya cultures, and had a close relationship with the Saka tribes. It is deemed that Sarmatian tribes were formed on the basis of Sauromatians, i.e. those had had common roots. Furthermore, insights into archaeological data conclude the tribes had lived in the territory of Western Kazakhstan, yield a typological classification of swords discovered in mounds across the region, and result in a scientific analysis. The work attempts a statistical analysis of swords and daggers from Sauromato-Sarmatian mounds of Western Kazakhstan, provides scientific conclusions as to predominant types of weapons and manufacturing technologies. The article also highlights some specific features of sword types identified, areas of distribution, and performs a comparative analysis.
Тюркские племена, обитавшие Среднюю Азию, имели идентичные или же схожие религиозные мировоззрения. Нет данных о доминировании мировоззрения одного племени, хотя одни племена усиливали свое влияние над другими племенами. Племя огузов, построившая одну из могущественных государств в Средней Азии была одной из определяющих ход истории в регионе и стала у истоков создания других племенных союзов в регионе. Исторические факты касательно огузских племен анализируются и изучаются по сей день. Однако религиозные мировоззрения огузских племен мало изучены. Поэтому, данная статья посвящена религиозным мировоззрениям огузов. В статье расскрываются культурные и духовные связи огузских племен с другими тюркскими племенами путем изучения погребальных обрядов, религиозных мировоззрений, культовых помещений, тотемных образов. Определена культурная преемственность этих народов по периодам. Кроме того, были собраны и проанализированы письменные данные, касательно религиозных верований и убеждений Огузских племен. В данной статье имеются данные о культовых помещениях и их специфике, обнаруженных на памятниках истории и культуры огузов. А также религиозные убеждения огузов до принятия Ислама такие как, тенгриянство, зороастризм, тотемизм.
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