Background and purpose: Anxiety and depression are common disabling comorbidities in cervical dystonia (CD) and may predispose to social withdrawal and social cognitive impairments. The relationship between social cognition and depressive/anxiety symptoms in CD is under-investigated. Methods: Forty-six CD patients (40 women; mean age AE SD, 55.57 AE 10.84 years) were administered the following social cognition battery: Affect Naming, Prosody Face and Pair Matching subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV and Wechsler Memory Scale IV (social perception), reality-known and reality-unknown false belief reasoning tasks (theory of mind), Empathy Quotient and Social Norms Questionnaire 22 (social behaviour), alongside the Benton Facial Recognition Task (non-emotional facial discrimination). Alongside CD severity, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measured depressive/anxiety comorbid diagnostic status and severity, and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale assessed social phobia. Social cognition tasks were standardized using published normative data and a cutoff of z < À1.5 for impairment. Results: More than 90% of our CD patients performed normally on social perception and social behaviour tests. Performance on impaired belief reasoning (theory of mind) was impaired in 10 of 46 (21.74%); five of 46 (10.87%) were impaired on the Empathy Quotient. Better performance on the Affect Naming task was associated with comorbid anxiety (g 2 = 0.09, medium-tolarge effect size) and greater anxiety, depression and social phobia severity. Worse performance on the Empathy Quotient was associated with comorbid depression (g 2 = 0.11, medium-to-large effect size) and greater depression severity. CD patients had significantly more difficulties with fearful face identification (P < 0.001). Conclusions : Greater social perception abilities in CD patients with more severe anxiety and depression suggest efficient modulation and self-adaptation of social cognitive skills.
times, crucial to the formation of a nation that is now seen in many respects to be a model of burgeoning liberality. They deserve to be recorded and reflected on.The SAGE Handbook of Applied Social Psychology offers discussions and current research on the historical, contextual, and societal development in the discipline of Applied Social Psychology. It highlights current work in this subfield while attempting to overcome existing theoretical divides among academic communities within this domain. O'Doherty and Hodgetts (2019) define Applied Social Psychology as an 'artistic endeavour that involves putting research into practice, navigating the complexities of human relations, and promoting social change in order to support human flourishing' (p. xxvii). To address key developments in this area and current gaps in the literature, three epistemic approachessocial cognition, critical, and community psychologywere identified to serve as the structural basis of the Handbook. As such, each chapter of the book illustrates prominent research that reflects each of these epistemic approaches while relating them to past and current real-world issues.As the first approach, social cognition involves the application of cognitive informationprocessing models to understand and predict situationally based behaviours. A chapter by Alceste et al. exemplifies how social factors influence subconscious human decision-making processes in the context of criminal justice and the law. By understanding social cognitions that affect such behaviour, professionals are able to create impactful and fair intervention strategies in the legal system. The second approach, critical social psychology, views the mind as a relational phenomenonone that is fundamentally intersubjective and political that, in turn, rejects presumptions of objectivity inherent in the natural science-like cognitive processing approach. To illustrate, a chapter by Johnson and Guzman demonstrates how gender and sexuality and their roles in society are contingent on how such labels are socially constructed. The final approach, community psychology, emphasizes participant and community engagement and focuses on human rights. In this approach, community members are active participants of research through their involvement in the implementation of research studies. For instance, Sonn et al. describe the importance of decolonization in limiting the repression forced upon Indigenous groups. They highlight that participation in applied social psychological research can contribute to decolonization. The highlighted research suggests that forming connections with local communities and community agencies is key to limiting the oppression of minority groups, such as Indigenous peoples.What unifies these divergent epistemic frameworks and scholarly practices is an attempt to support both societies and individuals to thrive in their social situations as well as develop practical interventions in various contexts. The diversity of this volume superbly reflects the development of investig...
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