Moringa oleifera Lam. contains many active ingredients with nutritional and medicinal values. It is commonly used in folk medicine as an antidiabetic agent. The present study was designed to investigate how an aqueous extract from the leaves of M. oleifera reveals hypoglycemia in diabetic rats. M. oleifera leaf extract counteracted the alloxan-induced diabetic effects in rats as it normalized the elevated serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde, and normalized mRNA expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase in hepatic tissues. It also increased live body weight gain and normalized the reduced mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase in the liver of diabetic rats. Moreover, it restored the normal histological structure of the liver and pancreas damaged by alloxan in diabetic rats. This study revealed that the aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves possesses potent hypoglycemic effects through the normalization of elevated hepatic pyruvate carboxylase enzyme and regeneration of damaged hepatocytes and pancreatic β cells via its antioxidant properties.
Ivermectin (IVM), a broad spectrum anthelmintic drug, is considered a safe drug; however, there are few reports about its toxic effects in particularly at accidental overdose exposure. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the potential protective roles of vitamin E (Vit E) and grape seed oil (GSO) against the acute hepatorenal toxicity of IVM in mice. Mice were divided into four equal groups. Control vehicle group was administrated corn oil (0.2 ml/animal), IVM group was administrated IVM (6.5 mg/kg b.w.), Vit E+IVM group was administrated Vit E (200 mg/kg b.w.) plus IVM and GSO+IVM group was administrated GSO (0.2 ml/animal) plus IVM. All treatments were orally administrated daily for 3 weeks while IVM is administered as a single oral dose one day before the end of the experiment. The results revealed that IVM induced significant elevation in serum ALT and AST activities; urea and creatinine levels without any significant change in glucose level. No marked histopathological alterations were observed in hepatic tissue with several pathological alterations in the kidneys of IVM-intoxicated mice. However, pretreatment of mice with either Vit E or GSO ameliorated the IVM-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations. In conclusion, Vit E and GSO may provide a similar promising protective value against IVM acute hepatorenal intoxication.
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