Background and study aims Fifty-eight percent of American adults aged 50 to 75 undergo colonoscopies. Multiple factors result in missed lesions, at a rate of approximately 20 %, potentially subjecting patients to colorectal cancer. We report on use of a miniaturized optical scanner and accompanying processing software capable of detecting, measuring, and locating polyps with sub-millimeter accuracy, all in real time. Materials and methods A prototype 3 D optical scanner was developed that fits within the dimensions of a standard endoscope. After calibration, the system was evaluated in an ex-vivo porcine colon model, using silicon-made polyps. Results The average distance between two adjacent points in the 3 D point cloud was 94 µm. The results demonstrate high-accuracy measurements and 3 D models while operating at short distances. The scanner detected 6 mm × 3 mm polyps in every trial and identified polyp location with 95-µm accuracy. Registration errors were less than 0.8 % between point clouds based on physical features. Conclusion We demonstrated that a novel 3 D optical scanning system improves the performance of colonoscopy procedures by using a combination of 3 D and 2 D optical scanning and fast, accurate software for extracting data and generating models. Further studies of the system are warranted.
As 3D printer technology has rapidly developed and penetrated into a wide range of applications, several methods for creating 3D objects have been explored and developed. One such method utilizes UV curing of special resins, where the patterning of each layer of the 3D object is determined by a digital micromirror device (DMD) controlled by a digital light processing (DLP) system. This method possesses important advantages over other methods in terms of variable object composition, high spatial resolution, and reduced build times, but usually requires specialized knowledge to program and control the DMD and other printer systems. Not all potential users of 3D printers will be able or willing to acquire this knowledge in order to take full advantage of all that 3D printing has to offer in their ideas or applications. new software package called Design23DPrint has been developed that provides a user-friendly and intuitive interface for importing, manipulating, and editing 3D objects and has the ability to be readily interfaced with many different DLP and printer control systems. Both layer creation and the positioning of supports can be automated or be manually controlled. Integration of Design23DPrint with existing software packages for DMD control allows the user to edit layers on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The software was integrated with a new 3D printer design developed by Texas Instruments to demonstrate the capabilities of the software to control the printing process and to interface with resident control systems.
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