The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the antecedents of social media marketing, brand loyalty and purchase intention. Furthermore, the study aims at investigating the effect of social media marketing on brand loyalty and purchase intention. Finally, the study seeks to identify the effect of brand loyalty on purchase intention. In order to achieve the study objectives, a questionnaire was developed based on prior literature and a sample of customers consisting of 500 participants was selected in order to collect the required data. The model of the study was developed theoretically and then tested using structural equation modeling. The results confirmed that social media antecedents significantly affect three constructs: social media marketing, brand loyalty and customer purchase intention. In line with numerous previous studies, the results indicated that social media marketing significantly affects both brand loyalty and customer purchase intention. Finally, the findings showed that brand loyalty has a significant effect on customer purchase intention. Based on these results, it was concluded that organizations should pay more attention to the antecedents of social media marketing since it has direct effects on social media marketing application, brand loyalty and customer purchase intention. Despite the importance of these results, the study is still limited to measurements used to evaluate constructs, since these measurements were built on a small number of indicators, its cross-sectional design and a little number of antecedents being explored. Considering these limitations in the future might reveal different results. However, since the effect degree of social media marketing application is greater than the degree of the same construct on brand loyalty and purchase intention, social marketing application was not approved to play a mediating role between theses constructs. Hence, the major contribution of this study is that social media antecedents are no less important than the application of social media marketing itself. In other words, for organizations to ensure an effective application of social media marketing, an eye on its antecedents would bring the benefits of social media marketing into the light, which, in turn, would affect brand loyalty and customer purchase intention.

Much of service quality research has been carried out on external service quality, i.e., services delivered by organizations to their own customers. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of internal service quality (ISQ) on external service quality (ESQ), under the existence of variables such as learning organization (LO), employee job satisfaction (ES) and employee loyalty (EL). The study posited three conceptual models from which the best one was adopted based on the results of goodness of fitness indices. The sample comprised 500 employees working in five malls in the capital city of Saudi Arabia and 500 customers visited the same places during data collection process. The required data was collected using a questionnaire administered to the participated employees and customers. Out of the distributed questionnaires, 367 questionnaires were returned from employees and 384 questionnaires from customers. Returned questionnaires were analyzed using IMBSPSS.23 and AMOS.22. The results revealed a non-significant influence of LO on ISQ. From employees’ viewpoints, ISQ was regarded as a main driver of their satisfaction and but not of their loyalty. Nevertheless, the findings showed that both employee job satisfaction (EM_SAT) and employee loyalty (EM_LOY) have significant influences on ESQ as measured on the basis of customers’ perspectives. Lastly, ISQ has a significant impact on ESQ.

Organization are striving to retain customers in order to be able to cope with many challenges. Examples of these challenges include the increased levels of competition among organizations, the advancements in information technology, the

The problem addressed in this study is that the impact of the customer experience on the achievement of positive customer outcomes is still unknown in Arabic restaurants. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the effect of brand experience, as measured through sensory, emotional, behavioural, and intellectual brand experience, on customer satisfaction and customer electronic word of mouth (eWOM) as well as the effect of customer satisfaction on eWOM. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire consisting of 18 items distributed to a convenience sample of Facebook users. A total of 311 valid responses were collected. The participants were asked to evaluate their satisfaction and eWOM based on 6 items and their brand experience based on 12 items. Using IBM SPSS AMOS, the study revealed that three dimensions of brand experience (sensory, emotional, and behavioural) were significantly related to customer satisfaction and eWOM. Intellectual brand experience, according to the results of the current study, had no significant effect on customer satisfaction or eWOM. This conclusion is highlighted at the end of the paper along with its implications and recommendations. The contribution of this study stems from the fact that it alerts organizations to the factors influencing customer behaviour that ultimately lead to positive outcomes.

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