The energy of a particle moving on a spacetime, in principle, can affect the background metric. The modifications to it depend on the ratio of energy of the particle and the Planck energy, known as rainbow gravity. Here we find the explicit expressions for the coordinate transformations from rainbow Minkowski spacetime to accelerated frame. The corresponding metric is also obtained which we call as rainbow-Rindler metric. So far we are aware of, no body has done it in a concrete manner. Here this is found from the first principle and hence all the parameters are properly identified. The advantage of this is that the calculated Unruh temperature is compatible with the Hawking temperature of the rainbow black hole horizon, obtained earlier. Since the accelerated frame has several importance in revealing various properties of gravity, we believe that the present result will not only fill that gap, but also help to explore different aspects of rainbow gravity paradigm.
Biodegradable polymer electrolyte systems are the most sought over option for cheap and energy efficient storage devices. Present paper discusses the results of potato starch + MgCl2 system which satisfy the technical and economic criteria to become a potential candidate for future electrolyte systems. The developed system has high ionic conductivity (~3.43 × 10-2 S/cm), low relaxation time (75 μs) and wide electrochemical stability window (ESW ~4.6 V). The phase angle approaches -79° and maintains its value for 10 Hz to 1 kHz frequency range. The prepared material is a free standing film which can be bended and twisted up to 90°, which makes it suitable for flexible electrochemical device fabrication. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) is quite low (3.41 Ω) and self-resonance frequency below which energy can be efficiently stored is approximately 0.1 MHz. Hence the present study reports an economical, easy to handle and environment friendly electrolyte suitable for electrochemical device fabrication.
The superposition of spin and orbital angular momentum states of light
generates polarization singularities. By perturbing and disintegrating
their component orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, the
polarization singularity indices can be determined. The spatially
varying polarization distribution of these beams possesses information
about the helical wavefront structures of the component OAM states,
although they have plane wavefronts. The polarization singular beam
(PSB) is focused using a tilted lens, and the intensity distribution
at a predicted position in the direction of propagation is used to
determine the component OAM content in the beam. Astigmatism
introduced by the tilt of the lens modulates the vortex beam to
introduce intensity nulls in the propagated beam. We demonstrate by
simulations and experiments the index determination of the V points
and C points using a tilted lens. This method is effective in the
index determination of V points and C points formed by the
superposition of component scalar vortices having opposite-sign
topological charges. The degeneracy of C points with the same Stokes
indices can be lifted through this technique.
We discuss a technique to invert the helicity of generic C points and generate its orthogonal state of polarization in a single step through a fork grating (FG). It is experimentally demonstrated that the beam in each of its diffraction orders possesses a degenerate C point index state. The diffraction phenomenon reported is helicity-dependent, in which left and right-handed ellipse field singularities are separated. The orthogonal polarization state of the input singularity is produced in one of the first diffracted orders of the grating. For every singularity that the grating produces, its orthogonal polarization state is also available in one of its diffraction orders. In contrast to a half-wave plate, where helicity inversion is accompanied by index inversion, a FG inverts helicity without inverting the index. Therefore, a FG can be used to perform multi-functions under generic C point illumination.
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