Rare parasitoses and serovars of Salmonella enterica may occur relatively commonly in rural Africa. This paper describes intestinal pathogens found in a cohort of food sellers in such a setting. Furthermore, it describes two parasites rarely recovered from humans and demonstrates the need for methods other than microscopy to detect S. stercoralis infections.

Improper waste management is a global concern, especially in developing countries where population growth is increasing. Improper waste management is increasingly becoming a global problem that requires a holistic approach to avert health consequences. This research aims to estimate the generation, reduction and disposal of solid waste from households in Sukuta Nema, The Gambia, in the next 25 years. An analytic observation with a cross-sectional design and a dynamic model approach and data from observations in the field were used—a sample size of 125 households was drawn using random sampling. The results showed that household waste generation in Sukuta Nema was 2.07 kg/house/day or 0.0083 m3/house/day. Household waste from Sukuta Nema is predominantly organic, with a proportion of 80.71%. Inorganic waste constitutes about 19.29%. Based on the model scenario for 25 years (2021-2046), the results show that the estimated average rate of waste reduction through waste banks is 5.84%, the rate of waste reduction through composting scenarios is 64.20%, and the rate of waste reduction through a combined scenario between a waste bank and composting is 70.04%. The best waste management tool to use ineffective waste reduction is the combination scenario.

Compost is the result of decaying process of organic materials due to the interaction between decomposing microorganisms found within. Compost is a type of organic fertilizer that originates from decomposed organic materials. Observations at Brikama Market indicated 20 vegetable vendors with at least 5 pieces of vegetables decaying, market sales decline by approximately 5 kg for every transaction. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of organic waste treatment using EM4 and LOM. This research is purely experimental, uses Posttest Group design and Independent Sample T-Test. This research was conducted in groups, with different forms of waste-treatments which included the use of EM4 and local microorganism activators and observed as it decays. The results obtained differences in the average processing of organic waste using EM4 and LOM activators. The average temperature of EM4 activator 29.89°C while LOM 29.97°C. The average humidity 48.67 for EM4 activator while LOM 49.64 and the average pH of EM4 activator 5.96 while LOM 5.43. The research revealed significant changes in EM4 and LOM activators seen from the measurement of temperature, humidity and pH. It is recommended to the community to participate in managing waste, especially organic waste by making compost using EM4 and LOM activators.

An estimated 303,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide in 2018. The Gambia has a MMR of 400/100,000 live births. In the Gambia, 24% of pregnant women receive antenatal treatment four times. Insufficient knowledge of the value of prenatal care and lack of subsidized ANC services are the main causes of the growing maternal and newborn mortality rate in Gambia. The study's major goal was to investigate factors influencing pregnant women in rural Gambia who attend early prenatal care. A cross-sectional community-based survey using structured questionnaires was used for the investigation. Cluster random sampling was utilized in the study to choose samples from 5 distinct districts. The study found that socioeconomic factors, economic factors, and accessibility to antenatal care service center influenced early ANC Attendance. After multivariate analysis, marital status, number of children, mother's occupation, cultural acceptance, and education level significantly correlate with early ANC attendance. The Foni district's early ANC attendance rate (ANC) was comparatively low compared to WHO criteria and fell short of the national requirement. This finding may explain the high mother and child mortalities observed in the Foni districts. The study found significant knowledge of ANC services, but this did not help increase early ANC attendance rate.