It is suggested that educational campaigns aimed toward parents should be intensified. Legal recourse, prohibition of operations, improvement in women's status, and sex education are also suggested as means of eradicating the practice.
Background Nigeria, a patriarchal society, is one of the more impoverished countries of the world and while its fertility and population growth rates are high, its modern contraceptive (MC) prevalence rate is low. The wealth status and decisionmaking power of a woman have implications on their use of MC. Studies that examined the relationship between women's empowerment, wealth index and MC use in Nigeria are scarce. Methods A national representative cross-sectional data on women of reproductive age (n = 5,098) was used. Data were analysed using Chi-square and interactive logistic regression models (α = 0.05). Results Mean age of the women was 32.9(σ = 8.0) and 23.8 % were currently using MC. Current use of MC was found to be higher among the following: Yoruba (48.5 %) than Igbo (27.3 %) and Hausa women (2.9 %); highly (36.9 %) than poorly empowered women (12.1 %); upper class (35.0 %) than lower class (5.9 %); and Christians (35.5 %) than Muslims (12.6 %; p < 0.001). Injectables and condoms were the most reported MC method currently used. In the interactive model, being in lower class and poorly empowered inhibits current use of MC. The predictors of current use of MC when wealth index and women empowerment were used either jointly or interactively in the controlled regression equation were wealth index, region, education, religion, ethnicity, family planning information access on media, receiving family planning information at health facility and living children sex composition. Conclusion Modern contraceptive prevalence rate among Nigerian women was low particularly among the lower class and poorly empowered. Strategies to improve the use of MC should target women in the lower class in Nigeria.
Background
Female genital cutting (FGC) inflicts life-long injuries on women and their female children. It constitutes a violation of women’s fundamental human rights and threats to bodily integrity. Though decreasing, the practice is high and widespread in Nigeria despite efforts towards its eradication. This study was conducted to perform cohort analysis of the state of FGC between the years 2009 and 2018 in Nigeria.
Results
The study found that that FGC has reduced over the years from 56.3% among the 1959–1963 birth cohort to 25.5% among 1994–1998 cohorts but a rise in FGC between 1994–1998 cohorts and 1999–2003 cohorts (28.4%). The percentage of respondents who circumcised their daughters reduced from 40.1% among the oldest birth cohort to 3.6% among the younger cohort. Birth-cohort, religion, education, residence, region, and ethnicity were associated with FGC. Factors associated with the daughter’s circumcision were birth-cohort, religion, residence, region, ethnicity, wealth, marital status, FGC status of the respondent, and FGC required by religion. Similar factors were found for discontinuation intention.
Conclusions
The practice of FGC is still high but decreasing among younger birth-cohorts in Nigeria. There is no significant change in the perception of the discontinuation of FGC. More awareness about the adverse effects of FGC, particularly among women with poor education in Nigeria will greatly reduce this cultural menace’s timely eradication.
This study was conducted to estimate the magnitude of infant death clustering as well as the mortality risk associated with death of a preceding child and investigate how these have changed over three decades (1980-2013) in Nigeria. Birth history data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey for 1990, 2003, 2008 and 2013 were analysed using dynamic random effects models. The effect of death of an immediate preceding child (sibling mortality correlation) was estimated by controlling for background characteristics and unobserved heterogeneity. A total of 232,090 single births to 56,123 women were analysed. Results showed that 13.2% in the oldest maternal cohort (≤ 1969) experienced death of at least two infants and they accounted for 40.2% of all infant deaths. Among the 1970-1979 maternal cohort, it was 8.6% and 31.6% respectively. In the youngest maternal cohort (≥ 1980), 3. 3% had recorded multiple infant deaths but accounted for 20.3%. Model results revealed that sibling mortality correlation increased the probability of infant death by 0. 080 and 0.061 in the 1980-1989 and 2010 birth cohorts respectively. There is a substantial level of infant death clustering in Nigeria, and this is closely driven by sibling mortality correlation both of which have declined very slowly over time. To achieve desired progress in child survival, death clustering should be addressed alongside other barriers to child survival.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.