Fraud is an epidemic dimension that has eaten deep into the banking sector as well as the entire economics in Nigeria. Its devastating effect manifests itself in the deteriorating balance sheet of banks as well as in economic backwardness. Apparently, measures to detect and eradicate fraud in banking sector have been quite ineffective as the fraudulent practices have been on the increase in recent times. Thus, this study evaluates the various challenges of detecting and combating fraud in the banking sector in Nigeria. The results from the descriptive analysis showed that lack of adequate motivation is not a major cause of fraud in banks, looting of fund by bank managers and directors constitutes the major form of fraud in Nigeria. Furthermore, it is recommended that government should strengthened existing anti-graft agencies and to enhance their financial independence. Those managers and director involved in looting of fund should be persecuted to serve as a deterrent to potential fraudsters. In addition, bank staff should be properly screened to test their morality and integrity before recruitment. Adequate internal control mechanism should be established to serve as check and balances among the bank staff. There is also the need for the anti-graft agencies to be strengthened in order to adequately complement the effort of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) at nibbling the incidence of bank fraud in the bud.Keywords: banking system, fraud, fraud detection, fraud prevention, Nigeria
The trend in tertiary enrolment indicates that even though it has nominally been increasing, in real terms, it is abysmally nose-diving. This is largely due, in part, to the declining trend of the budgetary allocation to education in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, this paper investigates the causal effects of tertiary enrolment on economic growth in Nigeria between 1980 and 2010. The study utilized the VAR approach and the VAR-Granger causality test to analyze the empirical model of the study. The findings of the empirical investigation suggest that there is a uni-directional causality between tertiary enrolment and economic growth in Nigeria. The causality runs from economic growth to tertiary enrolment in Nigeria. The paper therefore recommends that there is need for government to genuinely be committed to funding the educational sector if the aspiration to be among the twenty most developed economies by the year 2020 will not be a mirage.
A number of studies in the digitalization-organizational performance literature have evaluated airline performance from the traditional performance theory; yet, fewer studies have evaluated the role of digitalization to optimize organizational bottom line performance. In view of the importance of digitalization-organization bottom line performance, this study empirically evaluates the role of digitalization in the airline performance before and during COVID-19 using the balanced scorecard performance model in the sample study, Emirate airline between 2015 and 2020. Importantly, multiple Pearson Product Moment correlation and descriptive statistics methods were used to estimate the relationship among the balanced scorecards performance. Also, the differential impact was used to show the differential impact and recovery period between before-COVID and during COVID-19 on the balanced scorecards performance. The empirical results showed that the role of digitalization practices is more effective in non-financial bottom lines than financial bottom line at both before and during COVID-19 in this study. Further, the study concluded that digitalization practices before COVID-19 enhances non-financial bottom lines than financial bottom lines whereas the role of digitalization practices during COVID-19 enhances neither financial nor non-financial bottom lines in Emirate airline. Therefore, this study recommends the need for Emirate airline management to further intensify and integrate digitalization practices across all the balanced scorecard bottom lines, especially the financial bottom lines such as revenue, operating cost and net debts to remain immune from current and future external shocks as well as become financial and non-financial sustainable.
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