Stevia (Rebaudiana bertoni) leave, is an ancient perennial shrub mostly found in South America in countries like Paraguay and Brazil. It contains a low-calorie sweetener, which is about 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Diabetes mellitus is among the common metabolic disorders affecting about 2.8% of the world’s population and is reported to reach 5.4% by the year 2025. In this work, insulin was successfully extracted from Rebaudiana bertoni to serve as an alternative to bovine insulin extracted from animals which is devoid of the risk of transferring infectious diseases from the animals to the diabetic patient as is the case with convectional animal-based insulin. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) analysis were used to analyze and determine the functional groups available in the isolated compound and the results shows that it has retention time of 14.11 min; abundance/peak area (% PA) of 86.613 %; mass number (m/z) of 413 g/mol; molecular peak ion of 149; fragmentation patterns of 7; and C20H29BrO4 as molecular formula and phthalic acid, 8-bromoctyl butyl ester as IUPAC name. The insulin was tested on three groups of rats (Rattus norvegicus) whereby the glucose level was monitored, and the result shows that the extracted insulin was found to be effective in addition to having antidiabetic effect.
Stevia (Rebaudiana bertoni) leave is an ancient perennial shrub mostly found in South America (especially Brazil and Paraguay). It contains a low-calorie sweetener, which is about 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Natural sweeteners extracted from plant and artificial or synthetic sweeteners produced from industires, are the two types of sweeteners that are available. Sweetening agents induce and enhance sweet taste which makes it favorable for consumption. Natural sweetening agents are more advisable to use than artificial sweetening agents because they do not have any side effect and is of no harm to health. In this work, the background of stevia leave, uses, and extraction of natural sweetener is reviewed.
People in the rural areas do not have access to specialist medical care, and when they have complications of stroke, they do not have specialists to look at them and they cannot afford to travel to the cities. The primary health care centers are not equipped with sophisticated equipments. Medicine is about medication, treatment and management. In rural areas treatment is not available either because of accessibility or affordability. Even the few doctors that are available are not in primary health care centres. Well conserved one-dimensional non-linear equations of blood flow describing blood flow in distensible blood vessels were used to develop software. This model could describe discontinuities and disruption in blood flow. The computer software can be used for detecting artherosclerosis, stenosis and differentiation of haemorrhagic and ischaemic strokes for stroke management from simple measurements. The software developed is capable of computing the Siriraj and the Allen clinical scores. These scores have been proposed to help clinicians in making decisions while waiting for results of computerized tomography, hence clinicians can start anti-thrombotic treatment while waiting for the scan results. It is capable of simulating stenosis at different position and depth of flow along the arterial length, and can be used for diagnosis. The medical emphasis is on avoiding possible occurrence, every individual can know his status by inputting the required data such as flow and geometry of their arteries into the developed interface and such measurements can be obtained from simple Doppler measurements.
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