A comparative method for estimating the stress-strain state of earth dams under the effect of static load is given in the paper using spatial and plane-strain models. The results of assessment of stress-strain state of several earth dams using these methods are given. Analysis of the results obtained allows us to conclude that a plane calculation model gives results almost identical to the ones obtained with spatial model; in future that can be the basis for developing recommendations on the use of certain calculation models. Some features of stress state in a spatial case are revealed, indicating the occurrence of dangerous areas with the greatest stresses.
An important feature of real materials is the nonlinear nature of the relationship between stress and strain. Taking into account such features of deformation of structural materials in the calculation allows us to bring theoretical forecasts closer to their real behavior. Physical nonlinearity is due to the calculation in the calculation of the nonlinear dependence between the components of the generalized stresses and strains characterizes the work of the structural material in the elastoplastic region. Many structural elements of modern technology are made in the form of plates of various shapes. The widespread use of plates is explained by their high strength, considerable rigidity and relatively low weight, which, along with the manufacturability of manufacturing, distinguishes them among other structural elements. A constant trend in the development of technology is an increase in the intensity of dynamic effects, accompanied by an increase in the level of vibration.
An analysis of the dynamic response of an underground main pipeline under a longitudinal wave propagating in soil along the pipe is given in the article. The problem of the longitudinal wave impact on a pipeline of finite length, interacting with soil according to the elastic-viscous law, is considered. The ends of the pipeline are fixed to massive nodes that interact with the medium according to linear laws. Along the length of the pipeline, the coefficients of the elastic and viscous pipeline-soil interaction change depending on the coordinate. In this article, the influence of the coefficients of elastic and viscous interaction of the "pipe-soil" system is studied when these coefficients are coordinate functions. The variability of the values of the coefficients along the length of the pipeline leads to a change in displacements from 0 to 15% and strain from 0 to 18%, compared with the case when these coefficients are constant. Depending on the length of the pipeline, the response of the pipeline to seismic action is different. This is especially evident at the boundary points. Considering the weight of nodes leads largely to a decrease in the strain of the pipeline relative to the soil strain at the boundary points.
Numerical approach and results of theoretical calculation of deep tunnels are described in this issue. Here described surrounding continuum is fractured rocks. Calculation provided in static case. Results of this investigation aimed for estimation of stress state and development of strengthening measures of deep excavations.
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