The proper operation of water purification works, whether for potable, plant service, or boiler feed requires control. This control is based on analytical determination, all chemical, made on both the influent and effluent of the plant. The making of these entails laboratory personnel. In the treatment of industrial waste waters control is also necessary, entailing chemical and bacteriological analysis also made in the laboratory. In the past, standards of purity were low and the tests simple. Analytical procedures had not been developed that were extremely accurate and, as a consequence, water standards had to be low. Measurement could not be any better. Processes were also relatively simple, boiler pressures were low, and waste treatment for industrial effluents had not entered the picture. Manpower requirements were low both in quality and quantity.
Consideration of the available water supply and its quality is a major factor when selecting a plant site for a new manufacturing operation. The unsuitability of the supply for a particular operation often is cause for rejection of an otherwise adequate location.
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