The influence of parental tetraploid wheats (Triticum turgidum L.) and diploid ryes (Secale cereale L.) of predetermined protein content on the protein characteristics of derived hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) triticale amphidiploids (× Triticosecale Wittmack) was investigated. Although the two parental species contributed independently to the protein content of the derived triticale. the maternal wheat parent had a greater influence than did the rye parent. Thus, triticales derived from combinations of wheat × rye of "high × high" protein content were themselves of high protein content, followed in descending order of protein by "high × low," "low × high." and "low × low" combinations. The difference in protein content of triticales derived from the reciprocal combinations of the wheat–rye protein groups (i.e., high × low versus low × high) was significant. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses of extracted prolamine from the triticale amphidiploids and their parents revealed that polymorphism can exist in the protein banding patterns of any given population. As expected, the degree of polymorphism was greatest in those triticale populations synthesized from open-pollinated heterozygous rye strains, but polymorphism was also seen within some amphidiploid populations derived from inbred (S6–S8) parental ryes. For purposes of biological studies, it is important to recognize the genetic heterogeneity that can still exist within populations of plant species and their hybrids assumed to be genetically and chromosomally stable.Key words: × Triticosecale Wittmack, protein electrophoresis, wheat–rye hybrids, amphidiploids.
Meiotic asynchrony, lagging chromosomes, chromosome bridges, and variable chromosome numbers were associated with reduced pollen fertility in a red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) selection ‘Ore-US 1314’.
'Newburgh' and 'Willamette' red raspberry cultivars were used as female parents and several U.B.C. Salmonberry clones as pollen parents to produce the first reported hybrids of the two species.
Embryo sac development was studied in two clones of salmonberry. U.B.C. clones I-37 and II-4 were used in the study. Clone II-4 is a ruby-fruited seedling of a gold-fruited parent. Clone I-37 is the gold-fruited seedling of a ruby-fruited parent. Reproduction was sexual and embryo development normal in this diploid species. Embryo sac development was of the normal or Polygonum type and abnormalities such as multiple embryo sacs and abbreviated integument were also found. Very generally, the development of embryo sacs in both clones was similar.
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