Features of the extraction of yttrium and lanthanum with an intergel system based on hydrogels of polyacrylic acid and poly-4-vinylpyridine To predict the sorption activity and selectivity of hydrogels, the effect of mutual activation of polymer networks in the intergel system was studied. The intergel system of the hydrogel of polyacrylic acid ((hPAA)) and the hydrogel of poly-4-vinylpyridine (hP4VP), which was studied at a distance through the volume of the solvent in the absence of direct contact between the polymer networks, were chosen as the object of study. Intergel systems have been investigated using methods for measuring electrical conductivity, pH, and gravimetry. The mutual activation of La 3+ and Y 3+ ions with the intergel system in an aqueous medium was also studied. It has been established that as a result of the remote interaction of the studied hydrogels, their mutual activation occurs, leading to a significant change in their electrochemical and conformational properties. At certain ratios of acidic and basic hydrogels, a significant increase in the sorption of lanthanum and yttrium ions is observed in comparison with the initial hydrogels. These results indicate the appearance of ionized structures with optimal conformation, providing an optimal ligand environment around lanthanum and yttrium ions.
The aim of the work is to provide a comparative study of influence of ionic radii of neodymium and scandium ions on their sorption process from corresponding sulfates by individual ion exchangers Amberlite IR120, AB-17-8 and interpolymer system Amberlite IR120-AB-17-8. Experiments were carried out by using the following physicochemical methods of analysis: conductometry, pH-metry, colorimetry, and atomic-emission spectroscopy. Ion exchangers in the interpolymer system undergo remote interactions with a further transition into highly ionized state. There is the formation of optimal conformation in the structure of the initial ion exchangers. A significant increase of ionization of the ion-exchange resins occurs at molar ratio of Amberlite IR120:AB-17-8 = 5:1. A significant increase of sorption properties is observed at this ratio due to the mutual activation of ion exchangers. The average growth of sorption properties in interpolymer system Amberlite IR120:AB-17-8 = 5:1 is over 90% comparatively to Amberlite IR120 and almost 170% comparatively to AB-17-8 for neodymium ions sorption; for scandium ions sorption the growth is over 65% comparatively to Amberlite IR120 and almost 90% comparatively to AB-17-8. A possible reason for higher sorption of neodymium ions in comparison with scandium ions is maximum conformity of globes of internode links of Amberlite IR120 and AB-17-8 after activation to sizes of neodymium sulfate in an aqueous medium.
This paper considers the effect of mutual activation of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly-(4 vinylpyridine) (P4VP) hydrogels during their remote interaction on the degree of yttrium ions sorption from an aqueous medium. Electrochemical properties were studied by conductometry and pH measurements to predict the activation possibility of these hydrogels. pH measurements showed that at 0.1 hour, the pH values were the lowest, indicating a high content of H+ ions in the aqueous solution. An increase in the interaction time to 24 hours leads to an increase in pH values, indicating a decrease in the content of H+ ions in the solution. The dependences of the specific electrical conductivity were studied. The experiments showed that the maximum values were observed at the ratios of 3 : 3 and 1 : 5 (gPMAA : gP4VP), which coincided with the result of pH measurements. The obtained results indicate the significant changes occurred in the electrochemical and conformational values of the initial macromolecules in the interpolymer system. Our research confirms the presence of remote interaction between hydrogels and their mutual activation.
The extraction of yttrium ions by interpolymer systems based on industrial ionites: KU 2-8 cationite and AB-17 anionite was studied. The dependences of the yttrium content in the aqueous medium after sorption by the interpolymer system were studied KU 2-8:AB17-8 depending on the time, the degree of binding of the polymer chain (with respect to yttrium ions) by the initial ionites and interpolymer systems KU 2-8: AB-17-8. The maximum content of yttrium ions in the aqueous medium after sorption is observed at ratios of 3:3 and 4: 2 and the duration of remote interaction is 88 hours. At the same time, the content of yttrium in the aqueous medium after sorption is 60 mol.% and 56.4 mol.%, respectively. High values of the degree of binding of the polymer chain with respect to yttrium are observed at the ratios KU 2-8: AB-17-8=3:3
Rare earth elements play an important role in the production, energy, and high technology. Due to the rapid development of industry, the demand for rare earth metals is rising every day. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the extraction of rare earth metals from various sources to meet the demand for these elements. Currently, pyro- and hydrometallurgical technologies are used to extract rare earth metals from an ore and other secondary sources (industrial wastewater, acid drainage mines, etc.). Hydrometallurgical technologies include precipitation, extraction, adsorption, and ion exchange methods. Adsorption is one of the most effective methods for the extraction and separation of rare earth elements. Adsorption methods are highly selectivity to metal ions and have low emissions. However, not all adsorbents are effective in producing the same metal ions. This study provides an overview of the different adsorbents that can be used to extract rare earth elements from aquatic systems. Hydrogels and molecular polymers have been found to be cost-effective methods for high-grade rare earth metals. Further research is needed to ensure the performance of these systems.
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