ICG has myriad applications and poses low risk to the patient. Its historical uses have contributed to medical knowledge, and it is now undergoing investigation for quantifying tissue perfusion, providing targeted therapies, and intraoperative identification of neurovascular anatomy, ophthalmic structures, and sentinel lymph nodes. New applications of ICG may lead to reduction in postoperative wound-related complications, more effective ophthalmologic procedures, and better detection and treatment of cancer cells.

Among the new 5-mm laparoscopic electrosurgical and ultrasonic instruments available for testing, RX, LS, and FT produced the highest mean burst pressures. FT had the shortest mean seal times for medium and large vessels. Minimal or no seal failures occurred with HS, RX, LS, LM, and FT.

The LS produces supraphysiologic seals with significantly higher bursting pressures than the PK in vessels ranging from 4 to 7 mm. The PK seals become progressively weaker while the LS seals increase in strength as the vessel size increases. Although thermal spread increases with vessel size, the degree of lateral thermal injury is no different between the two instruments.

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