3‐Carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropionic acid (furanpropionic acid), a metabolite commonly found in human blood and urine, is one of the major acidic components which accumulates in the blood of patients with renal failure. Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 ω−3) and long chain furan fatty acids, both present in commonly available fish oil capsules, are regarded as possible precursors of furanpropionic acid. Because of its strong binding to albumin and its various interactions with other endogenous and exogenous components, it is of great importance to determine the concentration of furanpropionic acid in blood and urine regularly.
Solid phase extraction has been used to concentrate furanpropionic acid from both blood and urine samples. After esterification with ethereal diazomethane, gas chromatographic separation was performed on a HP‐1 column (dimethylpolysiloxane). Quantitation with an internal standard was performed by mass selective detection in SIM‐mode, qualifier ions being used for identification and accuracy.
Fish oil supplementation of the diet of 24 patients for four weeks led to 3‐fold and 5 to 6‐fold increases in the levels of furanpropionic acid in serum and urine, respectively.
SummarySolid-phase extraction, capillary GC, and mass selective detection have been used to determine 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (furanpropionic acid) and hippuric acid in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure. The concentrations of furanpropionic acid and hippuric acid were found to be highly elevated and reached levels of 4.56 ? 2.37 mg/dl (10 to 20-fold higher than normal) and 12.90 k 14.06 mg/dl(40 to 60-fold), respectively.Treatment by hemodialysis and hernofiltration effectively eliminated hippuric acid (on average by 66 and 56%, respectively) but had little effect on furanpropionic acid. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis gave the best long-term results. Both components were maintained at a lower level than by hemodialysis and hemofiltration.
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