Aim:The objective was to assess the knowledge and pattern of antibiotic and non narcotic analgesic prescription for pulpal and periapical pathologies among dentists, registered with IDA, in and around Hyderabad. Materials and Methods:Cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2014 to February 2014 in and around Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. A questionnaire for this cross-sectional survey was designed for evaluating the knowledge and patterns of antibiotic and non narcotic analgesic prescription for pulpal and periapical pathologies. It included some demographic information, questions regarding clinical and non clinical factors, type of antibiotics and non narcotics analgesics prescribed were recorded. Data was computed and analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was performed. Results:The response rate for the study was 85%, 51.4% being males and 53.9% were pursuing post graduation. Of the respondents, 44.3% would prescribe medication with elevated body temperatures and evidence of systemic involvement, while 42.8% would prescribe medication for non clinical factors such as unsure of diagnosis. Necrotic pulp with acute apical periodontitis with swelling present and mod/severe preoperative symptoms was the most common condition identified for antibiotic therapy (56.4%). The first antibiotic of choice in patients with no medical allergies is amoxicillin, followed by amoxicillin and metronidazole. The first antibiotic of choice in case of allergic to penicillin was erythromycin. 55.1% and 37.3% would not prescribe antibiotic and analgesic after Root canal treatment respectively. The most commonly prescribed NSAID is Diclofenac (51.1%). Factors influencing the choice of analgesics among respondents is severity of pain (61.4%). 31.7% remained informed of current prophylactic practices through pharmaceutical companies followed by university training sessions and scientific societies (30.7%). Conclusion:The results of the present survey have demonstrated a lack of uniformity among the dental practitioners. All the clinicians should make themselves aware of the current guidelines available, to ensure highest degree of patient care.

Objectives:To study the clinical profile and outcome of Japanese Encephalitis(JE) Methods: Prospective study was done in Vijayanagara Institute Medical Sciences hospital, Bellary, Karnataka. 233 patients below 12 years of age presented with acute encephalitic picture during the epidemic period formed the subjects and were worked up according to a predesigned protocol. CSF and serum samples were tested for JE specific IgM antibodies. Patients were followed up for 4 months to over one year. Results: The predominant age group was 5 to 12 years. Fever (94.84%), seizures (73.39%) and altered sensorium(91.84%) were the important presenting symptoms. Onset of illness was acute in 28.32% and subacute in 38.62% .CSF showed lymphocytosis and 45.06% had cell count of 6-50/cmm and in majority it was <200/cmm. 55.36% patients were positive for JE. Mortality was 22.74%. Deeper level of coma , respiratory irregularities and meningeal signs were associated with mortality. 147 patients survived the acute attack. Of that 40.85% completely recovered. Speech disturbance (47.61%), motor deficits (36.73%), behavioural disturbance (14.96%), involuntary movements (12.24%) and seizures (1.36%) were the morbidities. The deficits found to be gradually improving. Motor deficits and speech disturbances were found in 25.68% and 22.01% respectively at one year follow up. Conclusions:The characteristic clinical features of JE include fever, seizure, altered sensorium, aphasia, relative absence of cranial nerve involvement and irregular and rapidly changing motor and tone abnormality. Deeper level of coma, respiratory abnormalities and meningeal signs were associated with mortality. Speech disturbance and motor deficits were frequently encountered sequelae.

Raine syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with characteristic features of exophthalmos, choanal atresia or stenosis, osteosclerosis and cerebral calcifications. Most of babies with this disorder die immediately after birth. We report a baby who was 7 weeks old at the time of presentation.

Dental trauma is such a situation wherein the patient is affected both socially and psychologically. During their first dental visit, these patients with trauma are in pain and need emergency treatment. Such patients are quite apprehensive because of impaired functions, esthetics, and phonetics. The prime objective while handling such cases is successful pain management with immediate restoration of function, esthetics, and phonetics. The advances in adhesive dentistry have allowed dentists to use the patient's own fragment to restore the fractured tooth. Reattachment is such an ultraconservative technique which provides safe, fast, and esthetically pleasing results. This paper discusses fragment reattachment technique and presents a clinical case of complicated crown fracture.

No abstract

Background: Snake bite is one of the important health problems in tropical and sub-tropical countries including India. Most snake bites present without envenomation as most bites are usually due to non-poisonous snakes and even poisonous snakes can control amount of venom injected. Even though mortality is under reported, India accounts for most of deaths due to snake bite.Methods: A hospital based descriptive case study was conducted at Pediatric ward of VIMS Ballari. All children with definite history of snake bite with fang marks or features of local/systemic envenomation were included in study. Demographic parameters, symptomatology and complications were noted down as per pro forma and data was analyzed.Results: Most bites occurred in lower limbs in older children while playing outdoors. Most cases were from rural area. Majority presented with local toxicity followed by hemotoxicity and neuroparalysis. Two children died, one because of respiratory paralysis and other by acute kidney injury.Conclusions: Snake bite is a preventable health problem. By wearing protective shoes and avoiding outdoor sleep many snake bites can be avoided. Early, aggressive but judicious use of antisnake venom is a cornerstone of management.

Background: Acute Kidney Injury is a common condition in critically ill children, and it is independently associated with increased mortality. Etiology of AKI in admitted patients is multi factorial. The present study was conducted to determine possible etiologies and to know short term outcome.Methods: A prospective case series study was conducted in our PICU from Nov 2014 to October 2015. The cases fulfilling criteria as AKI, as per definition were included in study. The urine output was monitored, base line blood urea and serum creatinine was estimated at admission and on alternate days till recovery. Investigations were done to know exact etiology of prerenal, renal or post renal AKI. Cases were managed accordingly and short term outcome was noted.Results: Out of 150 cases studied, 87(58%) were boys and 63(42%) were girls.  Ninety three cases (62%) had oliguria and remaining patients had non-oliguric AKI. Majority of cases in the study belonged to prerenal AKI, followed by renal and post renal AKI. Amongst 150 cases,136 children managed conservatively,11 cases required hemodialysis and 3 cases peritoneal dialysis. In our study, 16 cases succumbed with mortality of 10.66%.Conclusion: AKI is common associated condition in children admitted to PICU. AKI is commonly seen with acute gastroenteritis with severe dehydration, sepsis, glomerulonephritis and dengue shock syndrome. Most of these conditions are easily preventable. Early and effective management of hypovolemic shock and sepsis is also crucial in prevention of AKI.