Sachs AG, and XILINX for their text, figures, or designs included in this book in order to give them due credit and acknowledgement as well as to present their contemporary achievements in automotive mechatronics.The book is full of advanced statements and information on the technology development of the automotive industry. These statements can be written and may be recognizable by terms such as 'may be', 'will', 'estimates', 'intends', 'anticipated, 'expects' or terms with analogous sense. These statements are derived from presuppositions with reference to the developments of the technology of Europe, Americas and Asia-Pacific countries, and in particular of their automotive industry, which I have prepared on account of the information accessible to me and I think to be realistic at the time of going to press.The estimates specified implicate a degree of risk, and the actual development may differ from those forecasts. If the presuppositions underlying any of these statements prove incorrect, the actual results may noticeably differ from those expressed or embedded by such statements.

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In this article, a new mathematical representation of the sinusoidal alternating velocity, force and power by means of some complex quantities, termed ‘holors’ is proposed. The word holor is a term to describe a mathematical entity that is made up of one or more independent quantities, and includes complex numbers, scalars, vectors, matrices, tensors and other hypernumbers. Holors, thus defined, have been known for centuries but each has been developed more or less independently, accompanied by separate nomenclature and theory.

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An advanced reciprocating internal combustion engine without a crankshaft and connecting rod mechanisms that the author would like to present is based on another law of physics. The invention titled ‘Nano-Magneto-Rheological Mechatronic Commutator Internal Combustion Engine’, that is concisely termed the Fijalkowski engine by someone, is based on a whole new propulsion engineering solution that has no analogies in the world. Thus, this paper focuses on an advanced reciprocating internal combustion engine termed the Fijalkowski engine, which may utilize a nano-magneto-rheological mechatronic commutator that may replace the crankshaft and connecting rod (conrod) mechanisms. This mechatronic commutator may let nano-magneto-rheological rotary ratchets oscillate in a controlled wobble while keeping the output shaft spinning smoothly; and although opposed pistons and opposed cylinders similar to those in automotive ‘boxer’ engines may power the Fijalkowski engine, it may also utilize opposed cylinders containing four pairs of two end-to-end opposed pistons for higher power densities. The nano-magneto-rheological mechatronic commutator may be utilized to convert between one form of mechanical motion that is linear, reciprocating motion of pistons and another — that is rotary motion of the output shaft.