Ivermectin, an FDA approved broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent has been recently reported to show an inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 in an in-vitro study. This antiviral response has rendered it as a potential drug to be repurposed for COVID-19. Previously, ivermectin had showed inhibitory activity against RNA viruses in-vitro and DNA viruses in-vitro and in-vivo respectively. Much of its characterization has been related to SARS-CoV wherein viral proteins interacting with IMPα/β1 (Importins) were proposed to enhance the viral infectivity. These documentations serve as a ray of hope for considering ivermectin in treating COVID-19 due to its suggested nuclear transport inhibitory mechanism. Importantly, these recent findings warrant detailed investigations for understanding its benefit in terms of efficacy and safety in COVID-19 patients. This review article throws light on the current consensus in this regard.
Summary
This paper presents an impedance differential plane (IDP) characteristic for the protection of Flexible AC Transmission Systems compensated transmission line using two‐terminal synchronized measurements. The proposed algorithm identifies all shunt faults in the protected zone precisely. Restraint region is developed in a complex plane with the information of impedance ratio and their angle difference of both terminals to determine the short‐circuit shunt fault in its zone of protection. In a complex plane, the y‐axis stands for the impedance ratio, and the x‐axis stands for angle difference. The proposed IDP characteristics evaluated in a three‐machine with a detailed model of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and western system coordinating council nine‐bus systems. The simulated test results prove increased sensitivity and reliability. The evaluation of IDP characteristic under different fault situations confirms its accuracy, selectivity, and robustness. Simulation study considers different operating modes of UPFC, compensation levels of UPFC, noisy conditions, and the CT and CCVT errors. Simulation studies bring out the superiority of the IDP characteristic.
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