Effective utilization of spectrum resources is an important factor in wireless communication which reduces spectrum scarcity. Over the years, communication systems use different frequency bands, and the users are categorized into licensed and unlicensed users. Most of the wireless bands are typically licensed; as a result, accommodation of new technologies such as Internet of Things and machine to machine communication becomes difficult. So it is essential to obtain a wireless spectrum to adopt new technologies. Cognitive radio technology is introduced to improve such spectrum utilization. Reports state that most of the licensed spectrums are underutilized, and few spectrums are overutilized. Cognitive radio networks help to exploit the licensed spectrum and access the spectrum without any interference to the licensed user.Through its spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing process, cognitive radio network gains more attention in wireless communication. This research work proposed an efficient optimized spectrum sensing technique for cognitive radio networks through dragonfly optimization algorithm along with the adaptive threshold process. Proposed work performs better in terms of detection accuracy and efficiency when compared to conventional spectrum sensing schemes such as linear support vector machine and particle swarm optimization models.
Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) serves as one of the substitutes for bone as it consists of an intimate mixture of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) in different ratios. BCP, because of its inbuilt properties such as osteoconductivity, biocompatibility, and biostability in several clinical models serves as a bone substituent for orthopedic applications. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) combined with BCP composites for the orthopedic sector of bone tissue regeneration and growth. In this regard, we first synthesized Ag-BCP microclusters by the double-emulsion method and then characterized the composite for various physicochemical properties, including the crystallinity and crystal structure, bonding and functionality, porosity, morphology, surface charges, topography, and thermal stability. In addition, the antibacterial activity of Ag-BCP was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Escherichia coli. Finally, the cytocompatibility of Ag-BCP was confirmed against the fibroblast cells in vitro.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.