A general method to discuss the potential flow past two intersecting circles is presented. This is done by introducing two operators L and M, which generate a group G. A procedure called closure is introduced, which determines the order of the group and the angles of intersection of the two circles.

A general method to discuss the problem of an arbitrary Stokes flow (both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric flows) of a viscous, incompressible fluid past a sphere with a thin coating of a fluid of a different viscosity is considered. We derive the expressions for the drag and torque experienced by the fluid coated sphere and also discuss the conditions for the reduction of the drag on the fluid coated sphere. In fact, we show that the drag reduces compared to the drag on a rigid sphere of the same radius when the unperturbed velocity is either harmonic or purely biharmonic, i.e., of the form r 2 v, where v is a harmonic function. Previously Johnson (J Fluid Mech 110:217-238, 1981), who considered a uniform flow showed that the drag on the fluid coated sphere reduces compared to the drag on the uncoated sphere when the ratio of the surrounding fluid viscosity to the fluid-film viscosity is greater than 4. We show that this result is true when the undisturbed velocity is harmonic or purely biharmonic, uniform flow being a special case of the former. However, we illustrate by an example that the drag may increase in a general Stokes flow even if this ratio is greater than 4. Moreover, when the unperturbed velocity is harmonic or purely biharmonic, and the ratio of the surrounding fluid viscosity to the fluid-film viscosity is greater than 4 for a fixed value of the viscosity of the ambient fluid, we determine the thickness of the coating for which the drag is minimum. (2000). 76D07. Mathematics Subject Classification

Lamb [1945. Hydrodynamics, sixth ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, NewYork.] suggested a solution of Oseen [1927. Hydrodynamic. Akademische Verlag, Leipzig.] equations. However, this solution is not a general solution. We propose a new form of solution of Oseen equations and show that it is indeed a general solution. An example of an Oseenlet is discussed. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for a divergence-free vector to represent the velocity in an Oseen flow.

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