Dendrophthoe falcata is also known as "Vanda" in the Indian Ayurvedic system of Medicine. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f) Ettingish is a perinneal climbing woody parasitic plant. It is indigenous to tropical regions especially in India,
Water contamination is a global issue which must be addressed and examined in all water resource policies. In recent decades, Pollution from azo dyes has become a significant cause of concern in the environment. Oxidation procedures are preferred to break down organic molecules found in wastewater. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes are among the most successful methodologies for pollutant degradation and inspired by the efficiency of the photo electro‐Fenton (PEF). It has been conducted for removals of organic pollutants using anode (Ti), Stainless Steel cathode. Reactive Yellow 186 (RY 186) azo dye in sulphate medium was subjected to this study pH (2–9), dye concentration (0.05–0.25 g/l), Iron dosage (0.01–0.03 g/l), H2O2 (0.1–0.5 g/l) dosage, and current density (0.1–0.5 mA/cm2) of PEF were evaluated. The optimum pH, RY 186 concentration, Iron dosage, H2O2 dosage, and current density were found to be approximately 3, 0.15 g/l, 0.015 g/l, 0.2 g/l, and 0.1 mA/cm2, respectively. It was concluded that acidic pH was required to increase the degradation efficiency of the PEF at optimum conditions and a reaction time of 15 min. The PEF approach was the most effective method for the reasons, hydroxyl radical oxidation and UVA radiation, degradation of up to 99%, and COD removal was 94.82% with optimized parameters. Degradation and COD analysis tracked with high‐performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The results were compared with theoretical zero, first and second‐order models. it was found that the process obeys pseudo‐first‐order kinetic and the studies found to fit the data well (R2 = 0.9824). The cyclic voltammetry technique was employed to investigate the PEF process.
Drugs are the most common medical interventions for betterment of the patients but they are fatal too. Inappropriate prescription and using of multiple medications can lead to morbidity and mortality. Polypharmacy is an important factor for occurrence of drug related problems like adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions, especially in elderly and ICU treated patients. Concomitant use of multiple medications associated with increased risk of hospitalization, increase in economic burden to patient and can potentially leadsto therapeutic failure. The study was aimed to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions. The study was carried out in a 500 bedded tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of four months. About 940 prescriptions were screened for the study, in this male were 50.95 % (n = 479) and female 49.04 % (n = 461). About 51.06 % (n = 480) patients had major poly pharmacy followed by 22.97 % (n = 216) patients with minor polypharmacy and 25.95 % (n = 244) patients with non-poly pharmacy. In present study, majority of thepatients had respiratory followed by cardiovascular diseases. There were 512 (54.46 %) prescriptions which had drug-drug interactions and 420 (45.53 %) prescriptions had no drug-drug interaction. Out of 512 prescriptions there were 734 drug-drug interactions among them 16.75 % (n = 123) were major, 41.82 % (n = 307) were moderate and 41.41 % (n = 304) were minor drug-drug interactions. Poly pharmacy has a very high prevalence among hospitalized patients especially in ICU, resulting in more drug interactions. Physicians should prescribe a rationale combination and pharmacist should provide the pharmaceutical health care to improve the quality of patients.
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