This study investigates the effect of Gliding Arc Plasma Activated Water (GAPAW) technique on maize germination and growth variables. The effect of GAPAW was evaluated on corn texture, water absorption in Lab conditions, and the pathway Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of corn seeds was also carry out. Maize seeds were sown 150 m2 and then watered with tap water and with GAPAW. Seed germination, maize growth and chlorophyll content were evaluated in field conditions in a complete randomized block design with four replicates using the Acid Tolerance Population (ATP) variety. Seed texture treated with 15 min of GAPAW making it darker than those of the control (tap water). Pathway SEM analysis showed no change for the 5 min-GAPAW-treated seeds compared to the control but at 15 min-GAPAW significant changes were observed. Germination was 100% at the 15 min-GAPAW compared to the other treatments (0 and 5 min). Stem length, leaf width, collar diameter, chlorophyll content and water uptake have higher values on plants watered with 15 min-GAPAW compared to others treatments. This application could highlight the germination properties of GAPAW in crop production.
This study investigates the ability of spatial post-discharge mode functionalized kaolin to remove textile dye Reactive Red 2 from aqueous solution compared to that of the raw kaolinite. To fulfill the aim, the removal conditions, including plasma exposure time, processed mode (direct and post-discharge), pH of the aqueous dye solution, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage, were investigated. The changes that occur on clay surfaces before and after gliding arc plasma treatment were followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen physisorption. The point of zero charge and the changes of the textural properties after gliding arc plasma treatment were also examined. The experimental data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and empirical Elovich models. The diffusion phenomenon was also studied. The results obtained indicate that spatial post-discharge pre-treatment of kaolin deeply influences the functional groups of some of its minerals as well as the morphology and texture of its particles. Consequently, at room temperature (∼30 C), the maximum adsorption capacities of natural raw kaolin clay were tripled after treatment with gliding arc plasma in spatial post-discharge mode and were almost doubled after the direct treatment mode.
Cameroonian kaolin samples were used to produce geopolymer cements. Prior to its application, the raw kaolin samples were activated trough the gliding arc plasma treatment in both spatial post-discharge and direct mode. A mixture of sodium hydroxide and silicate was used as the alkaline solution. The materials produced were tested by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in order to study the in uence of the modi cations generated by the gliding arc plasma treatment on the geopolymerization process. The scanning electron microscopy analyses, nitrogen physisorption analyses and compression tests were also carried out on the materials produced for assessing and understanding their mechanical performance. The results showed that the geopolymerization process remained partial at the curing temperature of 90 °C. Plasma spatial post-discharge mode treated kaolin led to 20.48% increase in compressive strength when compared with the geopolymer prepared from raw kaolin.
Cameroonian kaolin samples were used to produce geopolymer cements. Prior to its application, the raw kaolin samples were activated trough the gliding arc plasma treatment in both spatial post-discharge and direct mode. A mixture of sodium hydroxide and silicate was used as the alkaline solution. The materials produced were tested by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in order to study the influence of the modifications generated by the gliding arc plasma treatment on the geopolymerization process. The scanning electron microscopy analyses, nitrogen physisorption analyses and compression tests were also carried out on the materials produced for assessing and understanding their mechanical performance. The results showed that the geopolymerization process remained partial at the curing temperature of 90 °C. Plasma spatial post-discharge mode treated kaolin led to 20.48% increase in compressive strength when compared with the geopolymer prepared from raw kaolin.
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