Introduction:Auditory hallucinations in deaf people are known since the XIX century. However, research in this area is scarce.Objectives:Auditory hallucinations can be caused by alterations in receptors, stimulus carrying routes or cerebral centres. Therefore, they can take place in persons without mental illness.Methods:Bibliographical review in literature and pub med using as key words: “Auditory hallucinations, Auditory deficit,ACBS”Results:There is always chronic hearing loss caused by an auditory injury.Higher prevalence in females with acute or gradual onset.Usually unilateral.Most common phenomena are musical hallucinations.Not associated with other types of hallucinations.Can be modified by attention and will.It is a hallucinosis.Not accompanied by disturbances of consciousness, memory or judgment.Treatment of hearing impairment leads to healing. Results are unsatisfactory with psychotropic drugs. Psychoeducation may lead to improvements.Conclusions:The existence of auditory hallucinations with consciousness of unreality rules out an organic pathology. It is important to assess hearing, because an entity has been defined by musical auditory hallucinations with unreality conscious and with preserved judgment, memory and consciousness, in patients with acquired hearing loss, mainly women and elderly, called by many professionals ACBS. Awareness of this entity by specialists in otolaryngology and psychiatry is essential.
Transgender women (TW) with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) are one of the most vulnerable and most difficult to engage in order to receive medical attention population, raising major challenges in their treatment of adverse health conditions. A retrospective chart review was carried out to identify TW with SMI attended by the "Programme for the Psychiatric Care of the Homeless Mentally Ill" in Spain from June 2015 to June 2018. During the study period, 235 patients with SMI received psychiatric care, of which only 3 (1.3%) were TW. Sociodemographic and clinical variables of these patients are described. We conclude that TW with SMI suffer significant levels of discrimination, stigma, and physical violence. This stigma plays an important role in limiting the opportunities and access to resources in a number of critical domains (e.g., medical care, disability certificate, accommodation in shelters) while continuously having a detrimental effect on their mental health. Forced migration in TW with SMI, must be specially considered. In addition homelessness and social exclusion are structural risk factors for HIV in TW with SMI. Social, health and psychiatric care may moderate the effect of stressors on mental health, reduce social isolation, and build social networks.
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