MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, which can be measured in cells, tissues, and body fluids including plasma. Differences in miRNA expression levels suggest an epigenetic mechanism and changed expression levels are emerging as a novel biomarker for various diseases. We attempted to identify circulating miRNAs associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Korean population and elucidate their significance for clinical phenotype. An expression profiling analysis using miRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was conducted with pooled miRNA from 10 patients with SLE and 10 healthy controls (HCs). Nine miRNAs were differentially expressed between the SLE and HC. To verify this, we performed quantitative PCR for various miRNA from SLE patients (n = 70) and HCs (n = 40). The hsa-miR-30e-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, and hsa-miR-223-3p were significantly up-regulated in plasma of SLE patients (P = 0.048, P = 0.039, and P = 0.046, respectively). Especially, the hsa-miR-223-3p was significantly associated with oral ulcer (P < 0.001) and lupus anticoagulant (P = 0.031). Thus, plasma hsa-miR-30e-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, and hsa-miR-223-3p may be promising novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and clinical manifestation of SLE.