Computer hacking and online protests have developed into part of the standard repertoire of social movement organizations (SMOs) looking to disrupt oppositional institutions or gain exposure for their cause. While many, and perhaps most, SMOs maintain an online presence in the form of a website or social media presence, some groups make more explicit use of the ubiquity of online life to advance their agendas. This type of movement activity has become so common that the term “hacktivist,” a portmanteau of “hacker” and “activist,” has come to refer to the loose collection of behaviors affiliated with it.
Computer hacking and online protests have increasingly become options for social movement organizations (SMOs) looking to disrupt oppositional institutions or gain exposure for their cause. While many, and perhaps most, SMOs maintain at the very least an online presence in the form of a website, some groups have begun to use online communication as a means of advancing their own goals (Wray 1999).
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