Whenever streaming of multimedia based data such as video, audio and text is performed traffic will be more and network becomes congested in mobile ad hoc networks. The present routing protocols are not able to cope up with this situation. It is observed that network congestion is the dominant reason for packet loss, longer delay and delay jitter in streaming video. Most of the present routing protocols are not designed to adapt to congestion control.We propose a new routing protocol, Congestion Adaptive AODV Routing Protocol (CA-AODV), to address the congestion issues considering delay, packet loss and routing overhead. To evaluate their performance, we have considered mpeg4 for streaming video data using network simulator (NS2). CA-AODV outperforms present protocols in delivery ratio and delay, while introducing less routing protocol overhead. The result demonstrates that integrating congestion adaptive mechanisms with AODV is a promising way to improve performance for heavy traffic load in multimedia based mobile ad hoc networks.

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Wireless sensor networks are autonomous sensors that are spatially distributed to supervise temperature, pressure, sound and other environmental conditions and to pass the data cooperatively to a main location through the network. The WSN is composed of several thousands of nodes, where each node is linked to one or several sensors. As wireless sensor networks continue to grow, the need for security mechanisms also does. After a WSN is deployed it is necessary to spread data through wireless links in order to update the configuration parameters and to distribute management commands to sensors. This is termed as data dissemination in WSNs. All presented data dissemination protocols experience from two drawbacks. First, they are based on centralized approach. Second, protocols were not designed with security in mind. Hence adversaries can easily launch attacks on the network.