In the present work, a compact zig-zag shaped slit rectangular microstrip patch antenna with circular defected ground structure (DGS) is designed for wireless applications. The probe-fed antenna consisting of zig-zag shaped slit, dual Tshaped slits on either sides of a rectangular patch and circular dumbbell shaped defected ground plane is optimized. The antenna was able to generate three separate resonances to cover both the 2.45/5.28 GHz WLAN bands and the 3.5 GHz WiMAX bands while maintaining a small overall size of 40mm x 28mm x 3.175mm. The return loss impedance bandwidth values are enhanced significantly for three resonant frequencies. Designed antenna is characterized with better radiation patterns and potentially stable gain around 4-6dBi over the working bands. Good agreement was obtained between measurements and simulations.Index Terms-Defected ground structure, zig zag slit, Radiation pattern, Impedance band width.
In this paper, a compact, dual-band patch antenna is proposed over Minkowski fractal defected ground structure (DGS) for bandwidth enhancement of global positioning system (GPS) applications. The proposed design combines the truncated dual L-shaped slits cut on diagonal corners of radiating patch and fractal defect on the metallic ground plane. This concept shifts the frequencies to lower bands with improvement in antenna radiation properties. By deploying symmetrical and asymmetrical boundaries to the structure for the fractal DGS on metallic ground plane, improvement in bandwidth and gain are obtained. Compact antenna size is achieved for dual-band GPS frequencies of L1 (1.575 GHz) and L2 (1.227 GHz). The measured results for antenna prototype are (1.2–1.245 GHz): L2 band and (1.51–1.59 GHz): L1 band for 10 dB return loss bandwidth with better pattern radiation. Gain value with and without DGS is observed for compact antenna overall volume of 0.32λ0 × 0.32λ0 × 0.024λ0.
The novel approach of this paper describes the suppression of grating lobe level with the element count optimization in planar antenna array. Rectangular lattice (RL) and triangular lattice (TL) structures are chosen for determining the achievable array element patterns (EP) and further suppressing the grating lobe level. The element spacing and number of elements (10 × 20 array) are taken into account for particular lattice. Grating lobe peaks are observed for the 200-element planar array at maximum scan angle (θ) with the set frequency of 3 GHz. Further, it is found that 14˚ bore sight elevation of rectangular lattice produces a transformed field of view, which permits a reduction in element count of 20.39% compared with 10˚ bore sight elevation. Finally, the typical values of elevation, element count and array size (25 cm 2) are trained using artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm and element count is predicted after testing the network. The network shows a high success rate.
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