The recrystallisation and precipitation kinetics of a plain carbon steel with 0.017 % Nb were studied using the double-hit deformation technique for interpass holding of 5 and 20s. The present study focuses on the effect of prestrain and deformation temperature on recrystallisation behaviour of the investigated steel. The fractional softening was calculated based on the percentage difference between the areas under the interrupted and uninterrupted deformations flow curves. The T5% and T95%, marking the beginning and end of recrystallisation, respectively, are determined as a function of strain. Quantitative microstructural studies validated the findings from the softening studies. The predicated results of recrystallisation regime are found to be in agreement with industrial observation and other experimental measurement for this steel. It can be seen that the dilute additions of Nb can influence the static recrystallisation of austenite under certain rolling condition which may lead to improved mechanical properties of steel.
This work describes the effect of Nb supersaturation in austenite on the suppression of static recrystallization of austenite during an isothermal holding period following hot deformation. The investigation involved three carbon structural steels with varying Nb concentration at constant C (0.20 pct) and N (0.007 pct) levels. The isothermal double-hit deformation technique led to the determination of T5 pct and T95 pct (recrystallization-stop and full recrystallization temperatures, respectively) as a function of a true strain and interpass time. The results indicate that the T5 pct increases with increasing Nb supersaturation in austenite at a rate of 40 °C per 0.006 pct Nb supersaturation for a true stain ε=0.40. At each respective T5 pct, all tested steels exhibited an Nb supersaturation ratio ≥ 7.5 in austenite. A high, localized strain-induced precipitation of Nb(CN) was observed at the austenite subgrain boundaries in the unrecrystallized microstructure. This translated into higher values for local precipitate-pinning forces (FPIN), which were significantly higher than that predicted from equilibrium thermodynamics. The critical FPIN for retardation of static recrystallization was found to be 1.6 MPa at the respective T5 pct for each steel. The present study has contributed to advancing our knowledge of the interplay between Nb solute supersaturation and volume fraction of Nb(CN) precipitation in particular for carbon structural steels. It has also highlighted an opportunity to apply niobium, even an ultra-low addition (i.e., < 100 ppm) to commodity-grade structural steels to reduce overall alloying costs.
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