The main factor limiting the performance of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is an extremely low value of inter-electrode capacitances. The charge-discharge circuit is a well suited circuit for a small capacitance measurement due to its immunity to noise and stray capacitance, although it has a problem associated with a charge injected by the analogue switches, which results in a dc offset. This paper presents a new diode-based circuit for capacitance measurement in which a charge transfer method is realized without switches. The circuit was built and tested in one channel configuration with 16 multiplexed electrodes. The performance of the elaborated circuit and a comparison with a classic charge-discharge circuit are presented. The elaborated circuit can be used for sensors with inter-electrode capacitances not lower than 10 fF. The presented approach allows us to obtain a similar performance to the classic charge-discharge circuit, but has a simplified design. A lack of the need to synchronize the analogue switches in the transmitter and the receiver part of this circuit could be a desirable feature in the design of measurement systems integrated with electrodes.
A new method of capacitance measurement for electrical capacitance tomography is presented. A single-shot excitation is used to accelerate measurement. A high-voltage pulse and oversampling of received signal are applied to obtain an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The results of measurements of standard capacitors and mutual capacitance of electrodes in 16 electrode tomographic sensors are presented. The elaborated circuit is stray-immune. It can measure capacitance in a range from about 1 fF to 1 pF at one gain setting with good linearity and precision at the rate of 20 000 samples per second.
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