PurposeGlobal change results both from climatic and land practice evolution in response to anthropogenic needs for development and human safety. The purpose of this paper is to describe a method to assess the respective effect of both sources of change on the flood regimes.Design/methodology/approachThe research takes place in the Western periurban part of Lyon (France), which is characterized by a rapidly expanding, scattered urban development since the 1970s. An increase in frequency of large floods is reported. At the same time, a long daily rainfall time series exhibits sensitive changes in rainfall durations and intensities. Independent analysis of global change components is performed using observed rainfall and land‐use data from two disconnected decades. A marked difference in natural climatic regime variability between decades is used as a surrogate to study effect of climate change.FindingsAnthropogenic activity at the observed rate of land use change, in particular urban change, mainly influences the frequent flood distribution. The observed large flood increase results both of longer rainfall events and more heavy daily rainfall. From simulations, a 43 percent urban cover as planned from 2025 projection would have a very sensitive effect also on larger floods, giving the hand to a more anthropogenic‐based flood control.Originality/valueDespite an expected increase in rainfall and flow variability regimes as a result of climate change and a projected growing of the world urban population, there is a lack of methodology to address combination of both processes on the flood regimes. A method is proposed to judge on the respective importance and interplay of these processes.
This paper presents a study that aims to evaluate the impact of periurban development on the flood regime of a small river crossing a densely urbanised area, the city of Lyon (France). This research was conducted on the catchment of the Yzeron River in western Lyon. Statistical tests showed that both flood frequency and severity have increased in this catchment, between two distinct periods: the 1970s and the 1990s. Evaluation of the specific impact of urban development on the flood regimes requires the paying of attention to all possible contributing factors. For that purpose, we used a diachronic approach, with hydrologic and land‐use data from the two periods. We used these data to calibrate a distributed hydrologic model and then to simulate the urban, periurban, and rural hydrologic contributions in the past but also in the future. We also compare the floodable vulnerability amount with the flood hazard increase between the two periods to assess what components mainly affect the flood risk during this land‐use evolution. Finally, the basin scale efficiency of a generalised on‐site rainwater retention technique is evaluated to know how that technique could contribute to mitigate flood risk.
Introduction: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is a non-melanocytic skin neoplasm originating from the cells in the basal epidermal layer, hair follicle shell or other skin adnexa. It is the most frequent skin malignancy. Treatment is surgical or nonsurgical. Cases reports: Herein we present 2 patients with superfi cial type of BCC and actinic keratosis of the face. The patients have been diagnosed by dermoscopy DermLite dermatoscope by 3Gen Inc. manufacturer, and skin biopsy has been performed for histopathological examination. The superfi cial BCC of the face has been treated with 5% Imiquimod cream once a day for 5 days in a week, during 4 weeks, with erosions and crusts until complete skin restoration. Conclusion: Based on these case reports, it could be concluded that 5% Imiquimod cream is safe and eff ective treatment for superfi cial BCC and represents an optimal treatment to achieve good clinical and esthetic eff ect for the patients.
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