The atriopulmonary connection produces higher energy losses than the cavopulmonary connection (+/- 1 mm Hg at rest). The cavopulmonary connection is more efficient when the connection of the caval veins to the pulmonary artery is asymmetrical.
The paper summarizes the findings of a study on mathematical modeling of heat transfer in glass melts using the commonly employed diffusion or Rosseland approximation (R) for optically thick media and the more general, spectral discrete ordinates (DO) approach. The systems considered were the melting of an ultra‐clear glass in a furnace (optical thickness ~ 10) and heat transfer in 2 glass melts with different levels of iron oxide flowing through a delivery channel (optical thicknesses of ~17 and ~80). The results showed that the use of the R approach for modeling heat transfer in the ultra‐clear glass will lead to serious errors in the prediction of important practical parameters such as the refractory temperature, energy efficiency, and the quality of glass melt. The results for the channels showed that differences between the 2 thermal radiation models began to narrow as the optical thickness value approached 17. The paper also presents brief reviews of high‐temperature absorption spectra of commercial glass melts and the theoretical background on thermal radiation in participating media. In addition, a relatively simple system involving 1‐dimensional radiation heat transfer in a participating medium is used to illustrate the implications of using the diffusion approximation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.